Abstract: A method for producing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde from glycerin in high conversion ratio is provided. The method is characterized by comprising a step of dehydrating glycerin using a microbial cell and/or a treated microbial cell containing diol dehydratase and/or glycerol dehydratase, and optionally diol dehydratase reactivating factor and/or glycerol dehydratase reactivating factor, under conditions so as to give a value (X/Y2) calculated by dividing a catalytic amount [X (U/g glycerin)] of diol dehydratase and/or glycerol dehydratase by square of glycerin concentration [Y (g/100 ml)] within a range of 10 to 8,000, to produce 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde.

Abstract: Means for measuring deviation measures a vertical deviation of a green tire from circularity while the green tire is clamped by a green tire building drum. The green tire to be formed is shaped into a complete circle according to the measured value.

Abstract: Means for measuring deviation measures a vertical deviation of a green tire from circularity while the green tire is clamped by a green tire building drum. The green tire to be formed is shaped into a complete circle according to the measured value.

Abstract: A tire grooving apparatus according to the present invention consists of a movable block (5) movable at least in a lateral direction parallel with a tire support shaft, a vertically movable block (7) provided on the movable blocks, and a pivotable arm (81) provided on the block (7) and having a cutter support device (9) at the free end portion thereof, characterized in that the apparatus is further provided with a center deviation detector (13) for detecting a deviation of center line of a tire tread surface, or both the center deviation detector (13) and a lateral runout detector (14). A tire grooving method according to the present invention is characterized in that an actual measurement obtained by the center deviation detector (13), or both an actual measurement obtained by the center deviation detector (13) and an actual measurement obtained by the lateral runout detector (14) are utilized for the correction of the quantity of movement of a cutter (10).

Abstract: A tire grooving apparatus according to the present invention consists of a movable block (5) movable at least in a lateral direction parallel with a tire support shaft, a vertically movable block (7) provided on the movable blocks, and a pivotable arm (81) provided on the block (7) and having a cutter support device (9) at the free end portion thereof, characterized in that the apparatus is further provided with a center deviation detector (13) for detecting a deviation of center line of a tire tread surface, or both the center deviation detecetor (13) and a lateral runout detector (14). A tire grooving method according to the present invention is characterized in that an actual measurement obtained by the center deviataion detector (13), or both an actual measurement obtained by the center deviation detector (13) and an actual measurement obtained by the lateral runout detector (14) are utilized for the correction of the quantity of movement of a cutter (10).

Abstract: A tire grooving apparatus according to the present invention consists of a movable carriage (3) adapted to be moved at least in the direction parallel with a tire support shaft (21), a vertically movable block (32) provided on the carriage (3) and adapted to be moved freely in the vertical direction, and a pivotable arm (4), provided on the block (32), having a cutter support unit (5) at the free end portion thereof. The cutter support unit (5) of the invention is movable up and down independently of movable block (32). As the cutter support unit (5) which is attached to the free end portion of the pivotable arm (4) can be so moved up and down independently, the depth of a tread pattern groove can be adjusted and a cutting position of a cutter (6) set arbitrarily, without replacing the cutter (6), without moving the block (32) vertically and without need of a program for correcting the quantity of movement of the cutter.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring a shape wherein an article having a cross sectional shape to be measured is subjected to scanning along a direction of a width of the article by means of a pair of displacement sensors, wherein the article is moved in a constant direction and the displacement sensors are located substantially opposing to each other with the article being therebetween, and displacements of a surface on one side and of a surface on another side of the article are detected at every constant pitch, then the cross sectional shape is obtained by processing the detected displacements. The method and the apparatus enable to carry out accurate on-line measurement of a cross sectional shape of an article and provide improved quality control.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus thereof for detecting defects of a joint portion of an elastic-member sheet of the present invention comprises grasping an elastic-member sheet having a joint portion so as to detect at least one face of the joint portion through use of an optical measuring apparatus. With the elastic-member sheet being extended by a given percentage, comparing and identifying of the displacement amount of the joint portion, represented by a detecting signal, with a predetermined reference value by an operation processing unit which receives the detecting signal of the measuring apparatus so as to automatically judge the defect of the joint portion.