Abstract: A high-performance optical and electronic integrated switch capable of effectively extending the transmission distance includes a network processor that controls the functions of the packet switch, a plurality of optical transceivers provided near the processor and having a photoelectric conversion function, and an optical relay switch. A plurality of optical waveguides are connected to the input and output sides of the optical relay switch. Each optical transceiver has a regeneration function that performs optical-electrical conversion on inputted optical signals, then turns back the converted signals, and performs signal conversion on them, and its input side is connected with a routing optical waveguide included in the optical waveguides on the output side of the switch and its output side is connected with a routing optical waveguide included in the optical waveguides on the input side of the switch. The optical waveguides include ones for connecting to an external communication counterpart.

Abstract: A D-aminoacylase having a high substrate specificity is provided. This D-aminoacylase can produce D-amino acids from N-acetyl-D,L-amino acids conveniently and efficiently at a low cost. A D-aminoacylase produced by a microorganism of genus Defluvibacter; which acts on a N-acetyl-D-amino acid; which has a molecular weight (as determined by electrophoresis) of about 55,000 daltons, and an isoelectric point (as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis for denatured system) of 5.3; which acts on N-acetyl-D-valine, N-acetyl-D-leucine, and the like, but not on N-acetyl-L-valine, N-acetyl-L-leucine, and the like; which has an optimal temperature of 37° C. (pH 8) and an optimal pH value of 8 to 8.5 at 37° C.; and whose activity is inhibited by Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ each at 1 mmol/L, and by dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, o-phenanthroline, and L-cysteine each at 5 mmol/L.

Abstract: A D-aminoacylase having a high substrate specificity is provided. This D-aminoacylase can produce D-amino acids from N-acetyl-D,L-amino acids conveniently and efficiently at a low cost. A D-aminoacylase produced by a microorganism of genus Defluvibacter; which acts on a N-acetyl-D-amino acid; which has a molecular weight (as determined by electrophoresis) of about 55,000 daltons, and an isoelectric point (as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis for denatured system) of 5.3; which acts on N-acetyl-D-valine, N-acetyl-D-leucine, and the like, but not on N-acetyl-L-valine, N-acetyl-L-leucine, and the like; which has an optimal temperature of 37° C. (pH 8) and an optimal pH value of 8 to 8.5 at 37° C.; and whose activity is inhibited by Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ each at 1 mmol/L, and by dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, o-phenanthroline, and L-cysteine each at 5 mmol/L.

Abstract: A D-aminoacylase having a high substrate specificity is provided. This D-aminoacylase can produce D-amino acids from N-acetyl-D,L-amino acids conveniently and efficiently at a low cost. A D-aminoacylase produced by a microorganism of genus Defluvibacter; which acts on a N-acetyl-D-amino acid; which has a molecular weight (as determined by electrophoresis) of about 55,000 daltons, and an isoelectric point (as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis for denatured system) of 5.3; which acts on N-acetyl-D-valine, N-acetyl-D-leucine, and the like, but not on N-acetyl-L-valine, N-acetyl-L-leucine, and the like; which has an optimal temperature of 37° C. (pH 8) and an optimal pH value of 8 to 8.5 at 37° C.; and whose activity is inhibited by Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ each at 1 mmol/L, and by dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, o-phenanthroline, and L-cysteine each at 5 mmol/L.

Abstract: A D-aminoacylase having a high substrate specificity is provided. This D-aminoacylase can produce D-amino acids from N-acetyl-D,L-amino acids conveniently and efficiently at a low cost. A D-aminoacylase produced by a microorganism of genus Defluvibacter; which acts on a N-acetyl-D-amino acid; which has a molecular weight (as determined by electrophoresis) of about 55,000 daltons, and an isoelectric point (as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis for denatured system) of 5.3; which acts on N-acetyl-D-valine, N-acetyl-D-leucine, and the like, but not on N-acetyl-L-valine, N-acetyl-L-leucine, and the like; which has an optimal temperature of 37° C. (pH 8) and an optimal pH value of 8 to 8.5 at 37° C.; and whose activity is inhibited by Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ each at 1 mmol/L, and by dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, o-phenanthroline, and L-cysteine each at 5 mmol/L.

Abstract: In a semiconductor switch, a voltage detection circuit is provided so as to be in parallel with a first switching element for turning on/off a power supply to a load, in which a voltage detection portion for detecting a drain voltage of the first switching element by dividing a voltage upon a resistance ratio or the like and a second switching element are connected in series to each other. The second switching element is turned on/off in accordance with ON/OFF of the first switching element. Accordingly, detection of a drain voltage is performed normally when the first switching element is in an ON state. When the first switching element is in an OFF state, a leakage current can be reduced by the second switching element.

Abstract: A load driving device capable of preventing thermal destruction even when a load short-circuit or an overcurrent occurs, thereby having improved reliability, is provided. A load driving device, in which a power switch element for driving a load and a circuit for controlling the power switch element according to a signal VIN supplied from the outside are formed on one chip, is provided with an OFF-time delaying circuit for delaying an OFF-time transition of a level of an input signal at which the power switch element makes the transition from an ON state to an OFF state, according to a result of detection of a current flowing through the load and the level of the input signal to the power switch element.

Abstract: The semiconductor device of the present invention includes: a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; source and drain regions of a second conductivity type, which are formed within the semiconductor layer; a channel region provided between the source and drain regions; and a gate electrode formed over the channel region. The device further includes: a buried region of the first conductivity type, at least part of the buried region being included in the drain region; and a heavily doped region of the second conductivity type. The heavily doped region is provided at least between a surface of the semiconductor layer and the buried region. The concentration of a dopant of the second conductivity type in the heavily doped region is higher than that of the dopant of the second conductivity type in the drain region.

Abstract: A load driving device capable of preventing thermal destruction even when a load short-circuit or an overcurrent occurs, thereby having improved reliability, is provided. A load driving device 1, in which a power switch element 2 for driving a load 17 and a circuit for controlling the power switch element according to a signal VIN supplied from the outside are formed on one chip, is provided with an OFF-time delaying circuit 3 for delaying an OFF-time transition of a level of an input signal at which the power switch element makes the transition from an ON state to an OFF state, according to a result of detection of a current flowing through the load and the level of the input signal to the power switch element.

Abstract: The semiconductor device of the present invention includes: a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type; source and drain regions of a second conductivity type, which are formed within the semiconductor layer; a channel region provided between the source and drain regions; and a gate electrode formed over the channel region. The device further includes: a buried region of the first conductivity type, at least part of the buried region being included in the drain region; and a heavily doped region of the second conductivity type. The heavily doped region is provided at least between a surface of the semiconductor layer and the buried region. The concentration of a dopant of the second conductivity type in the heavily doped region is higher than that of the dopant of the second conductivity type in the drain region.

Abstract: In a semiconductor switch, a voltage detection circuit is provided so as to be in parallel with a first switching element for turning on/off a power supply to a load, in which a voltage detection portion for detecting a drain voltage of the first switching element by dividing a voltage upon a resistance ratio or the like and a second switching element are connected in series to each other. The second switching element is turned on/off in accordance with ON/OFF of the first switching element. Accordingly, detection of a drain voltage is performed normally when the first switching element is in an ON state. When the first switching element is in an OFF state, a leakage current can be reduced by the second switching element.

Abstract: An electronic device for temperature detection includes a variable threshold voltage that changes in a negative direction in accordance with a temperature change. A reference voltage varies in a positive direction in accordance with the temperature change. A control signal is generated when the reference voltage corresponding to a detection reference temperature and the threshold voltage become equal to each other.

Abstract: An endoscope which allows a washing brush from an endoscope control section into all tubes, thereby facilitating washing works. In the endoscope control section, a water feeding pipe, for example, is separated into a front tube and a rear tube, and their openings are exposed as washing ports. A support portion of a tube unit is disposed so as to be attachable and detachable to and from the openings of these tubes, and a rear aspirating tube is disposed in the tube unit. This configuration makes it possible to detach and brush the tubes with a washing brush inserted from the openings into the front tubes on the side of a tip section and the rear tubes on the side of a cable. Further, control switches for opening and closing the tubes can be disposed on the tube unit, and elastic tube members may be disposed between the tubes on the side of the tube unit and the tubes on the side of the control section. Furthermore, the tube unit may be made of elastic rubber as a whole.

Abstract: An endoscope system of the present invention makes it possible to pass a cleaning brush through all conduits, simplify cleaning, and perform disinfection such as sterilization by an autoclave. The system is an endoscope for controlling the opening/closing of various conduits by an solenoid valve unit, in which a conduit unit is removably set to the joint at the rear end of an operating portion and a conduit to be connected to various conduits at the main frame side is set to the conduit unit. Moreover, a second cable which is used separately from a first cable in which an electric-signal transmission line is set is provided for the conduit unit to lead said conduit to the solenoid-valve unit. Thereby, it is possible to separately clean the conduit unit by removing it from the main frame. Therefore, cleaning is simplified and the conduit unit can be sterilized by an autoclave or the like.

Abstract: A coupler structure for tube units of endoscopes functions to prevent a liquid, etc. remaining in aspiration tubes from adhering or penetrating to or into other tubes, and avoid increasing surplus cleaning and sterilizing works. Aspiration tubes have protruding lengths longer than those of air feeding tubes and water feeding tubes in couplers of an endoscope which is configured to couple a tube unit with a control section by way of a faucet joint and control rings. All these tubes are arranged so as to protrude from wall surfaces. When a positioning key and a key groove which also serve for restricting rotation are to be disposed, this key is configured longer than the aspiration tubes. This coupler structure allows the air feeding tube and the water feeding tube to have been already pulled out when the aspiration tube is pulled out, thereby preventing soiled water, etc. flowing out of the aspiration tubes from adhering to or penetrating into the air feeding tubes and water feeding tubes.

Abstract: A photographic color temperature meter capable of measuring light including stationary light and flash light. The meter controls timing of light measurements so that light measurement is performed during the time when stationary light and flash light are included and when only stationary light is included. Thereafter, calculation of color temperature only of flash light is performed.