Abstract: A method of decoding a low density parity check (LDPC) code, includes dividing a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, into a plurality of sub blocks. The method further includes, for each of a plurality of decoding iterations, performing a node operation of each of target sub blocks among the plurality of sub blocks, the target sub blocks corresponding to a present decoding iteration among the plurality of decoding iterations, in a decoding schedule, estimating a reliability of each of the target sub blocks, based on a result of the node operation of each of the target sub blocks, and adjusting the decoding schedule, based on the reliability of each of the target sub blocks.

Abstract: A method of decoding a low density parity check (LDPC) code, includes dividing a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, into a plurality of sub blocks. The method further includes, for each of a plurality of decoding iterations, performing a node operation of each of target sub blocks among the plurality of sub blocks, the target sub blocks corresponding to a present decoding iteration among the plurality of decoding iterations, in a decoding schedule, estimating a reliability of each of the target sub blocks, based on a result of the node operation of each of the target sub blocks, and adjusting the decoding schedule, based on the reliability of each of the target sub blocks.

Abstract: A method of reading multi-bit data stored in a memory cell of a flash memory includes attempting to perform hard decision (HD) decoding on output data from the flash memory, and performing soft decision (SD) decoding on the output data when the HD decoding cannot be performed. The performing of the SD decoding includes: changing a maximum number of iterations according to a threshold voltage distribution of the memory cell; and performing the SD decoding based on the changed maximum number of iterations.

Abstract: A method of reading multi-bit data stored in a memory cell of a flash memory includes attempting to perform hard decision (HD) decoding on output data from the flash memory, and performing soft decision (SD) decoding on the output data when the HD decoding cannot be performed. The performing of the SD decoding includes: changing a maximum number of iterations according to a threshold voltage distribution of the memory cell; and performing the SD decoding based on the changed maximum number of iterations.

Abstract: A method of easily and inexpensively manufacturing an antenna for an RFID tag by forming the antenna using magnets of a pattern corresponding to a shape of the antenna is provided. One example method includes a) placing a substrate above a level of a fluid containing a conductive substance, b) placing a magnet (e.g., an electromagnet including an electrode) formed in a shape of an antenna pattern above a surface of the substrate, and adhering the conductive substance to a bottom of the substrate in the shape of the antenna pattern by a magnetic force, and c) fixing the conductive substance adhered to the bottom of the substrate.

Abstract: An ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and a method of manufacturing the tag are provided. The tag includes a substrate, a chip attached to the substrate and having a plurality of bumps for connecting a circuit formed therein with an external, and at least one UHF antenna extended in a longitudinal direction and responding to ultra high frequency transferred from the external, at least one end of the UHF antenna connected to the bump, and one portion of the antenna fixed to the substrate.

Abstract: A method of easily and inexpensively manufacturing an antenna for an RFID tag by forming the antenna using magnets of a pattern corresponding to a shape of the antenna is provided. The method includes a) placing a substrate above a level of a fluid containing a conductive substance, b) placing an electrode formed in a shape of an antenna pattern above a surface of the substrate, and applying a current to the electrode, to adhere the conductive substance to a bottom of the substrate in the shape of the antenna pattern by an electromagnetic force, and c) fixing the conductive substance adhered to the bottom of the substrate.

Abstract: An ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and a method of manufacturing the tag are provided. The tag includes a substrate, a chip attached to the substrate and having a plurality of bumps for connecting a circuit formed therein with an external, and at least one UHF antenna extended in a longitudinal direction and responding to ultra high frequency transferred from the external, at least one end of the UHF antenna connected to the bump, and one portion of the antenna fixed to the substrate.