Abstract: Metals contained in a hydrocarbon containing feed stream are removed by contacting the hydrocarbon containing feed stream with a phosphorous compound selected from the group consisting of phosphine, hydrocarbylphosphines, hydrocarbylphosphites, hydrocarbylphosphonates, hydrocarbylphosphates, hydrocarbylphosphine oxides, hydrocarbylthiophosphites, and hydrocarbylphosphine sulfides to convert the metals to oil insoluble compounds which can be removed from the hydrocarbon containing feed stream by conventional methods.

Abstract: Metals, nitrogen and/or sulfur, particularly vanadium, nickel and nitrogen, are removed from organic compositions, particularly heavy hydrocarbon oils, by contacting the organic compositions with a halogenating agent, preferably phosphorus oxychloride, under conditions sufficient to form a distinct phase including the contaminants, which is separable from the organic composition and separating the distinct phase from the organic composition as by filtration, decantation, and the like. In another embodiment of the present invention, the treatment with the halogenating agent is carried out in conjunction with treatment with an acid gas and water, as a combination of carbon dioxide and water, or a solvent.

Abstract: The use of fluorocarbons during the multiphase oxidation of olefins to ketones with Wacker-type catalysts improves reaction efficiency.