Abstract: A system, method and processor that mitigates security vulnerabilities using context-dependent address space hiding. In some embodiments, a hardware mechanism allows a more-privileged software component managing multiple less-privileged software components to blind itself against “out-of-context” less-privileged software components. The hardware mechanism can allow the more-privileged software component to dynamically hide a portion of the more-privileged address space related to the “out-of-context” less-privileged software components, based on knowledge of the “in-context” less-privileged software component. A context register is set with a value from which an address range, within the address space of the more-privileged software component, can be determined, where the address range is associated with a first less-privileged software component can be determined.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: An apparatus is described with support for transactional memory and load/store-exclusive instructions using an exclusive monitor indication to track exclusive access to a given address. In response to a predetermined type of load instruction specifying a load target address, which is executed within a given transaction, any exclusive monitor indication previously set for the load target address is cleared. In response to a load-exclusive instruction, an abort is triggered for a transaction for which the given address is specified as one of its working set of addresses. This helps to maintain mutual exclusion between transactional and non-transactional threads even if there is load speculation in the non-transactional thread.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catheter valve for use with a catheter. The catheter valve comprises an inlet nozzle at a front end of the valve and an outlet nozzle at a rear end of the valve. The valve comprises a longitudinal stem encapsulated within a middle section of the valve which extends in between the front end and the rear end of the valve.

Abstract: An apparatus is described with support for transactional memory and load/store-exclusive instructions using an exclusive monitor indication to track exclusive access to a given address. In response to a predetermined type of load instruction specifying a load target address, which is executed within a given transaction, any exclusive monitor indication previously set for the load target address is cleared. In response to a load-exclusive instruction, an abort is triggered for a transaction for which the given address is specified as one of its working set of addresses. This helps to maintain mutual exclusion between transactional and non-transactional threads even if there is load speculation in the non-transactional thread.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises branch prediction circuitry adapted to store at least one branch prediction state entry in relation to a stream of instructions, input circuitry to receive at least one input to generate a new branch prediction state entry, wherein the at least one input comprises a plurality of bits; and coding circuitry adapted to perform an encoding operation to encode at least some of the plurality of bits based on a value associated with a current execution environment in which the stream of instructions is being executed. This guards against potential attacks which exploit the ability for branch prediction entries trained by one execution environment to be used by another execution environment as a basis for branch predictions.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: An audio/speech encoding method is provided that includes transforming a time domain input signal to a frequency spectrum, and dividing the frequency spectrum to a plural of bands. The method also includes calculating a level of energies for each band, quantizing the energies for the each band, and calculating differential indices. The method additionally includes modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is an integer of 2 or more, and replacing the differential index with the modified differential index, and not modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is an integer of 1. The method further includes encoding the differential indices using a Huffman table selected based on a minimum value and a maximum value of the differential indices, and transmitting the encoded differential indices and a flag signal for indicating the selected Huffman table.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises branch prediction circuitry adapted to store at least one branch prediction state entry in relation to a stream of instructions, input circuitry to receive at least one input to generate a new branch prediction state entry, wherein the at least one input comprises a plurality of bits; and coding circuitry adapted to perform an encoding operation to encode at least some of the plurality of bits based on a value associated with a current execution environment in which the stream of instructions is being executed. This guards against potential attacks which exploit the ability for branch prediction entries trained by one execution environment to be used by another execution environment as a basis for branch predictions.

Abstract: An audio/speech encoding method is provided that includes transforming a time domain input signal to a frequency spectrum, and dividing the frequency spectrum to a plural of bands. The method also includes calculating a level of energies for each band, quantizing the energies for the each band, and calculating differential indices. The method additionally includes modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is an integer of 2 or more, and replacing the differential index with the modified differential index, and not modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is an integer of 1. The method further includes encoding the differential indices using a Huffman table selected based on a minimum value and a maximum value of the differential indices, and transmitting the encoded differential indices and a flag signal for indicating the selected Huffman table.

Abstract: An audio/speech encoding apparatus/method and an audio/speech decoding apparatus/method are provided. The audio/speech encoding apparatus includes a memory that stores instructions, and a processor that performs operations. The operations include transforming a time domain input audio/speech signal to a frequency spectrum, dividing the frequency spectrum to a plural of bands, calculating norm factors, and quantizing the norm factors. The operations also include calculating differential indices between an Nth band index and an (N?1)th band index, and modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is 2 or more. The operations further include replacing the differential index with the modified differential index, and not modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is 1. The apparatus encodes the differential indices using a selected Huffman table, and transmits the encoded differential indices and a flag signal over a communication network.

Abstract: An audio/speech encoding apparatus/method and an audio/speech decoding apparatus/method are provided. The audio/speech encoding apparatus includes a memory that stores instructions, and a processor that performs operations. The operations include transforming a time domain input audio/speech signal to a frequency spectrum, dividing the frequency spectrum to a plural of bands, calculating norm factors, and quantizing the norm factors. The operations also include calculating differential indices between an Nth band index and an (N?1)th band index, and modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is 2 or more. The operations further include replacing the differential index with the modified differential index, and not modifying a range of the differential indices for the Nth band when N is 1. The apparatus encodes the differential indices using a selected Huffman table, and transmits the encoded differential indices and a flag signal over a communication network.

Abstract: In this invention, the design of the Huffman table can be done offline with a large input sequence database. The range of the quantization indices (or differential indices) for Huffman coding is identified. For each value of range, all the input signal which have the same range will be gathered and the probability distribution of each value of the quantization indices (or differential indices) within the range is calculated. For each value of range, one Huffman table is designed according to the probability. And in order to improve the bits efficiency of the Huffman coding, apparatus and methods to reduce the range of the quantization indices (or differential indices) are also introduced.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: To provide a bandwidth extension method which allows reduction of computation amount in bandwidth extension and suppression of deterioration of quality in the bandwidth to be extended. In the bandwidth extension method: a low frequency bandwidth signal is transformed into a QMF domain to generate a first low frequency QMF spectrum; pitch-shifted signals are generated by applying different shifting factors on the low frequency bandwidth signal; a high frequency QMF spectrum is generated by time-stretching the pitch-shifted signals in the QMF domain; the high frequency QMF spectrum is modified; and the modified high frequency QMF spectrum is combined with the first low frequency QMF spectrum.

Abstract: A sound signal hybrid encoder includes: a signal analysis unit which determines a scheme for encoding a frame included in a sound signal; an LFD encoder which encodes a frame to generate an LFD frame; an LP encoder which encodes a frame to generate an LP frame; a switching unit which switches between the encoders according to a result of the determination by the signal analysis unit; and an AC signal generation unit which generates an AC signal according to a scheme selected from among schemes, outputs the generated AC signal, and also outputs an AC flag indicating the selected scheme.

Abstract: A bandwidth extension parameter generation device includes: a derivation unit which derives a high-band signal representing a high-band portion of an input sound signal; and a calculation unit which calculates a tone parameter and a floor parameter, the tone parameter indicating a magnitude of energy of a tone component of the high-band signal, the floor parameter indicating a magnitude of energy of a floor component obtained by subtracting the tone component from the high-band signal.