Abstract: A composite container is provided where FRP layers are formed by winding FRP around a metal liner so that the dome sections are reinforced while limiting an increase in the weight. The FRP layers include a hoop layer that covers the entirety of the cylindrical section in hoop winding, and dome section reinforcing layers that also cover as least the portions of the cylindrical section near the dome sections. In the dome section reinforcing layers, FRP are wound in helical form in such a manner that the orientation angle of the FRP over the cylindrical section relative to the direction of the axis of the liner continuously changes towards the center of the cylindrical section, and thus, the weight of FRP near the center of the cylindrical section is reduced.

Abstract: A composite container is provided where FRP layers are formed by winding FRP around a metal liner so that the dome sections are reinforced while limiting an increase in the weight. The FRP layers include a hoop layer that covers the entirety of the cylindrical section in hoop winding, and dome section reinforcing layers and that also cover as least the portions of the cylindrical section near the dome sections and. In the dome section reinforcing layers and, FRP are wound in helical form in such a manner that the orientation angle of the FRP over the cylindrical section relative to the direction of the axis of the liner continuously changes towards the center of the cylindrical section, and thus, the weight of FRP near the center of the cylindrical section is reduced.

Abstract: A fuel injection device has a nozzle body formed with an injection hole for injecting fuel and a nozzle needle reciprocating in the nozzle body to open and to close the injection hole. The nozzle needle has a sliding portion capable of moving in the nozzle body in a sliding manner, an insertion portion, of which diameter is smaller than that of the sliding portion, and a pressure receiving portion connecting the sliding portion with the insertion portion. The nozzle body has a guide portion for slidably holding the sliding portion and a fuel sump chamber formed on the injection hole side of the guide portion. The insertion portion is inserted through the fuel sump chamber. A clearance decreasing toward the fuel sump chamber is provided between the guide portion and the sliding portion.

Abstract: A fuel injection device has a nozzle body formed with an injection hole for injecting fuel and a nozzle needle reciprocating in the nozzle body to open and to close the injection hole. The nozzle needle has a sliding portion capable of moving in the nozzle body in a sliding manner, an insertion portion, of which diameter is smaller than that of the sliding portion, and a pressure receiving portion connecting the sliding portion with the insertion portion. The nozzle body has a guide portion for slidably holding the sliding portion and a fuel sump chamber formed on the injection hole side of the guide portion. The insertion portion is inserted through the fuel sump chamber. A clearance decreasing toward the fuel sump chamber is provided between the guide portion and the sliding portion.

Abstract: A fuel injection device has a nozzle body formed with an injection hole for injecting fuel and a nozzle needle reciprocating in the nozzle body to open and to close the injection hole. The nozzle needle has a sliding portion capable of moving in the nozzle body in a sliding manner, an insertion portion, of which diameter is smaller than that of the sliding portion, and a pressure receiving portion connecting the sliding portion with the insertion portion. The nozzle body has a guide portion for slidably holding the sliding portion and a fuel sump chamber formed on the injection hole side of the guide portion. The insertion portion is inserted through the fuel sump chamber. A clearance decreasing toward the fuel sump chamber is provided between the guide portion and the sliding portion.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes a solenoid, which is filled with low-pressure oil. The solenoid receives a biasing means and a movable member. The movable member is actuated by the biasing means and magnetic force generated by the solenoid. The movable member includes a flat-plate portion that contacts with the solenoid and departs from the solenoid. The outer circumferential periphery of the flat-plate portion has multiple notches, through which low-pressure fuel flows into to the upper side of the flat-plate portion that has an oil passage groove, through which a center portion of flat-plate portion communicates with the outer circumferential portion of flat-plate portion. Each notch has a deepest portion that is radially most recessed from the outer circumferential periphery of the flat-plate portion. The oil passage groove is apart from a deepest portion of the notches.

Abstract: On an inner wall of a bag-shaped hole portion of a nozzle body, a cross angle between the bag-shaped hole portion and a needle hole or an oblique high-pressure fuel passage of the nozzle body is made obtuse, i.e. at 90 degrees or larger, through an electrochemical machining process with a suitably-shaped electrode or through after-processing with a boring tool having a predetermined shape. The center of the bag-shaped hole portion may be deviated toward the high-pressure fuel passage or the high-pressure fuel passage may be connected to a maximum diameter portion of the bag-shaped hole portion to provide the obtuse cross angle. Thus, excessive stress on the inner wall of the bag-shaped hole portion or a breakage of the nozzle body due to a crack can be inhibited.

Abstract: A tip end surface of a valve body and a back end surface of an injection nozzle contact each other with pressure by being fastened using a retaining nut and thereby form a metal seal structure to achieve a metal seal. To increase a surface pressure in a seal surface by fastening axial force, conventional recesses around the central axis of a nozzle are replaced so that proximity of a high pressure fuel hole is secured as a seal surface. An outside recess is provided outside of the proximity of the high pressure fuel hole to link with an outer peripheral border of the metal seal structure. Alternatively, a contact surface functioning as a retaining seal surface is added outside of the outside recess to be apart from the proximity of the high pressure fuel hole.

Abstract: A magnetism property of an armature is increased by including a moving core of sintered metal of 1LSS to 3LSS, and a shaft of a ferromagnetic material. By contrast, a stator core contains 0.005 to 0.1 weight % resin powder, whose particle diameter is set to 50 ?m or less, in particular, 25 ?m or less, so as to decrease a core loss and increase a magnetism property. The stator core thereby becomes approximately equivalent to the armature in a direct current magnetism property, so that an electromagnetic actuator and a fuel injection valve that are excel in suction force and response are provided.

Abstract: A fuel injection device has a nozzle body formed with an injection hole for injecting fuel and a nozzle needle reciprocating in the nozzle body to open and to close the injection hole. The nozzle needle has a sliding portion capable of moving in the nozzle body in a sliding manner, an insertion portion, of which diameter is smaller than that of the sliding portion, and a pressure receiving portion connecting the sliding portion with the insertion portion. The nozzle body has a guide portion for slidably holding the sliding portion and a fuel sump chamber formed on the injection hole side of the guide portion. The insertion portion is inserted through the fuel sump chamber. A clearance decreasing toward the fuel sump chamber is provided between the guide portion and the sliding portion.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes a solenoid, which is filled with low-pressure oil. The solenoid receives a biasing means and a movable member. The movable member is actuated by the biasing means and magnetic force generated by the solenoid. The movable member includes a flat-plate portion that contacts with the solenoid and departs from the solenoid. The outer circumferential periphery of the flat-plate portion has multiple notches, through which low-pressure fuel flows into to the upper side of the flat-plate portion that has an oil passage groove, through which a center portion of flat-plate portion communicates with the outer circumferential portion of flat-plate portion. Each notch has a deepest portion that is radially most recessed from the outer circumferential periphery of the flat-plate portion. The oil passage groove is apart from a deepest portion of the notches.

Abstract: A drive apparatus supplies electric power to a solenoid of an inductive load from a battery and a capacitor to improve response of the load. The drive apparatus comprises switches for switching between a first state where a negative side of the battery is connected to a positive side of the battery, and a second state where the negative side of the capacitor is connected to the negative side of the battery. When the load is in operation, the voltage applied to the solenoid is raised by the voltage of the battery as the first state, so that the current flowing into the solenoid rises sharply to improve response of the load. When the operation of the load is to be stopped, the electric power to the solenoid is interrupted, and the energy accumulated in the solenoid is recovered by the capacitor as the second state.

Abstract: A magnetism property of an armature is increased by including a moving core of sintered metal of 1LSS to 3LSS, and a shaft of a ferromagnetic material. By contrast, a stator core contains 0.005 to 0.1 weight % resin powder, whose particle diameter is set to 50 ?m or less, in particular, 25 ?m or less, so as to decrease a core loss and increase a magnetism property. The stator core thereby becomes approximately equivalent to the armature in a direct current magnetism property, so that an electromagnetic actuator and a fuel injection valve that are excel in suction force and response are provided.

Abstract: A drive apparatus supplies electric power to a solenoid of an inductive load from a battery and a capacitor to improve response of the load. The drive apparatus comprises switches for switching between a first state where a negative side of the battery is connected to a positive side of the battery, and a second state where the negative side of the capacitor is connected to the negative side of the battery. When the load is in operation, the voltage applied to the solenoid is raised by the voltage of the battery as the first state, so that the current flowing into the solenoid rises sharply to improve response of the load. When the operation of the load is to be stopped, the electric power to the solenoid is interrupted, and the energy accumulated in the solenoid is recovered by the capacitor as the second state.

Abstract: A filter is press-inserted into a mounting bore of an injector. The filter has an inlet section at an opening-end fuel inlet side and a filter section which has a number of holes. The bottom of the filter section is hemispherically-shaped so that a flow area formed between the outer surface of the hemispherical bottom portion and the inner round surface of the mounting inlet bore widens gradually to reduce pressure loss effectively.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided which has an improved structure capable of adjusting fuel jet characteristics such as the quantity of fuel to be injected to an engine and a fuel injection time lag after the fuel injector is assembled. The fuel injector includes an air gap adjusting screw and a spring pressure adjusting screw. The air gap adjusting screw serves to change an air gap between a stator and an armature of a solenoid valve to adjust the quantity of fuel to a target one. The spring pressure adjusting screw serves to change a spring pressure urging a valve in a spray hole-closing direction to regulate a spray hole open duration, thereby adjusting the fuel injection time lag or the quantity of fuel.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided which has an improved structure capable of adjusting fuel jet characteristics such as the quantity of fuel to be injected to an engine and a fuel injection time lag after the fuel injector is assembled. The fuel injector includes an air gap adjusting screw and a spring pressure adjusting screw. The air gap adjusting screw serves to change an air gap between a stator and an armature of a solenoid valve to adjust the quantity of fuel to a target one. The spring pressure adjusting screw serves to change a spring pressure urging a valve in a spray hole-closing direction to regulate a spray hole open duration, thereby adjusting the fuel injection time lag or the quantity of fuel.

Abstract: A catalytic converter has a ceramic catalytic support, a cylindrical casing for holding the catalytic support therein and a holding member disposed between the catalytic support and the casing. The holding member has a plurality of net-like layers, each of which is parallel to a circumferential surface of the catalytic support and has fibers randomly tangled with each other. Because of this structure, when the catalytic converter is assembled, damage to the fibers and separation of the fibers of the holding member can be prevented. As a result, the holding member can securely and steadily hold the catalytic support within the casing.

Abstract: A gas sensor using oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte layers measures a concentration of a constituent gas such as NOx in a gas mixture such as an exhaust gas mixture of an internal combustion engine. The gas sensor includes a pair of oxygen pumping cells and a sensor cell. Before the constituent gas concentration is measured by the sensor cell, oxygen gas contained in the gas mixture has to be purged because the oxygen gas adversely affects the measurement of the constituent gas concentration. Two pumping cells disposed to face a chamber, into which the gas mixture is introduced, pump out the oxygen gas contained in the gas mixture so that the oxygen concentration is reduced substantially zero. Then, the gas mixture is diffused to the sensor cell where the constituent gas concentration is measured without the adverse influence of the oxygen gas. A marginal ion current which is proportional to the constituent gas concentration is measured by the sensor cell with a high accuracy and sensitivity.

Abstract: It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a catalyst converter which can hold a sufficient amount of catalyst to raise the temperature thereof to the catalyst activation temperature in a short time without enlarging the metal carrier itself. The metal carrier 1 is arranged in the course of an exhaust manifold 3 of an engine 2 and is composed of an alternating winding of a flat sheet 7 and a corrugated sheet 8, wherein slit parts 9 are formed in the flat sheet 7 and the corrugated sheet 8 of the metal carrier 1 in an end portion thereof, on the side the engine 2.