Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of Formula 1, a preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same as an active ingredient, and a use thereof. The compound of Formula 1 according to the present invention can exhibit cell necrosis and ferroptosis inhibitory efficacy in various cells such as heart, kidney, nerve, retina, liver, or lung cells, and accordingly, can be usefully used for prevention or treatment of cell necrosis or ferroptosis-related diseases.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for migrating data. The method includes: receiving data, read count information about the data, and write count information about the data; selecting at least one memory block among a plurality of memory blocks based on a wear level of a plurality of memory blocks and the read count information and the write count information; and storing the data in the at least one memory block.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to an apparatus for processing a substrate, the apparatus comprising: a chamber which includes a lid on top; a first plate which is installed under the lid and in which a plurality of gas holes is formed; a second plate coupled to the first plate and including a plurality of gas holes that communicate with some of the plurality of gas holes of the first plate; and a distance adjustment part which is connected to the second plate, adjusts the distance between the lid and the first plate, and is connected to an RF power feeding line.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multilayer reinforced composite electrolyte membrane and a method for manufacturing the same. The multilayer reinforced composite electrolyte membrane according to the present disclosure has sufficient mechanical properties and improved membrane resistance at the same time since a porous support is impregnated in an ionomer and it is stacked in a multilayer structure. Furthermore, since the composite electrolyte membrane has no wrinkles and cracks due to excellent dimensional stability, it can improve the electrochemical properties of batteries.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a non-transitory storage medium for storing program code and a method of executing an artificial intelligence (AI) pipeline non-fungible token (NFT). The program code is executed by a hardware processor to mint a blockchain-based NFT including ownership information of the AI pipeline, request an execution of the program code performing a predetermined function in an event node executing the AI pipeline according to a request of execution of an NFT owner, connect to at least one worker node to execute a target AI pipeline of the NFT, receive an execution result value of the worker node to record a proof-of-work for the execution result value in the event node, and collect the execution result value of the worker node on which the proof-of-work is performed is performed to change a blockchain state.

Abstract: Compositions for pharmaceutical and other uses comprising clear aqueous solutions of bile acids which do not form any detectable precipitates over selected ranges of pH values of the aqueous solution and methods of making such solutions. The compositions of the invention comprise water; a bile acid in the form of a bile acid, bile acid salt, or a bile acid conjugated with an amine by an amide linkage; and either or both an aqueous soluble starch conversion product and an aqueous soluble non-starch polysaccharide. The composition remains in solution without forming a precipitate over a range of pH values and, according to one embodiment, remains in solution for all pH values obtainable in an aqueous system. The composition, according to some embodiments, may further contain a pharmaceutical compound in a pharmaceutically effective amount.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions to ameliorate or treat at least one symptom of colorectal cancer and/or adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). For example, some embodiments of the methods and compositions may reduce recurrence of colorectal adenomas and/or extend the life of a subject having colorectal cancer and/or APC. Some embodiments of the disclosure include maintaining a the total body weight in a subject having colorectal cancer and/or APC. According to some embodiments, a method of the disclosure may include administering a bile acid composition to a subject. A bile acid composition may include, in some embodiments, an aqueous solution that is free or substantially free of precipitates or particles. A aqueous solution may include (1) a bile acid, an aqueous soluble derivative of a bile acid, a bile acid salt, and/or 7-ketolithocholic acid, (2) a carbohydrate, and (3) water. An aqueous composition may further include an alkali.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions to offset, ameliorate and/or alleviate one or more unwanted and/or adverse gastrointestinal effects. For example, in some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to compositions that include a bile acid, a carbohydrate and/or a pharmaceutical compound, wherein the pharmaceutical is associated with an adverse gastrointestinal effect in a subject (e.g., mammal or human). Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical compounds may include a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a gastric irritating drug (e.g., an antibiotic, an adrenal cortocoid steroid and an anti-cancer drug) and combinations thereof. The disclosure further relates to methods of ameliorating or eliminating at least one adverse gastrointestinal effects of a composition, comprising administering to a subject an aqueous solution comprising a bile acid and a carbohydrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to clear aqueous solutions of one or more bile acids and either an aqueous soluble starch conversion product or a non-starch polysaccharide. Solutions of the disclosure may be administered to a subject in conjunction with a pharmaceutical compound having a therapeutic effect in subjects with a neurodegenerative disease and/or a motor neuron disease. In some embodiments, the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to clear aqueous solutions of one or more bile acids and either an aqueous soluble starch conversion product or a non-starch polysaccharide. Solutions of the disclosure may be administered to a subject in conjunction with a pharmaceutical compound having one or more toxic effects. In some embodiments, solutions of the disclosure are administered to a mammal in conjunction with a pharmaceutical compound associated with a peripherial neurotoxicity (e.g., cisplatin and/or suramin) to reduce or eliminate the neuropathic effect(s).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating, or relieving at least one symptom associated with loss of blood flow to the brain including, without limitation, ischemic stroke. Compositions of the disclosure may comprise a bile acid compound and a carbohydrate, wherein both materials remain in solution for all pH values of the solution within a selected range of pH values. Symptoms may include infarct volume, functional recovery, apoptosis, and/or eNOS expression.

Abstract: Compositions for pharmaceutical and other uses comprising clear aqueous solutions of bile acids which do not form any detectable precipitates over selected ranges of pH values of the aqueous solution and methods of making such solutions are disclosed. Compositions of the disclosure may comprise water; a bile acid in the form of a bile acid, bile acid salt, or a bile acid conjugated with an amine by an amide linkage; and either or both an aqueous soluble starch conversion product and an aqueous soluble non-starch polysaccharide. The composition remains in solution without forming a precipitate over a range of all pH values obtainable in an aqueous system. The composition, according to some embodiments, may further contain a pharmaceutical compound in a pharmaceutically effective amount. The disclosure further provides dried forms of primary aqueous solubilized bile acid formulations and methods of preparing such dried forms.