Abstract: A method of preparing a monodisperse particle may include mixing at least two types of monomers in a solvent, placing an initiator in the solvent, and forming a particle having a copolymer shape by polymerizing the at least two types of monomers. The particle may have a size controlled by a content of the at least two types of monomers.

Abstract: A tunable photonic crystal color filter and a color image display apparatus including the same. A tunable photonic crystal color filter includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and a medium disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The medium includes charged nanoparticles having a lattice structure in the medium. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of a material having a difference between an oxidative over-potential and a reductive over-potential.

Abstract: A method of preparing high refractive index nanoparticles includes adding a polymer stabilizer to a solvent, and forming high refractive index nanoparticles by adding high refractive index nanoparticle materials to the solvent and stirring the same. The high refractive index nanoparticle materials may have a refractive index equal to or greater than 1.8, and sizes of the high refractive index nanoparticles may be determined by adjusting a content of the polymer stabilizer to control an amount of the polymer stabilizer adsorbed to surfaces of the high refractive index nanoparticles.

Abstract: A display device includes a first electrode layer, a color switching layer which is disposed on the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer which is disposed on the color switching layer and a color filter layer which is disposed on the second electrode layer. The color switching layer includes a first color cell, which transmits incident light or changes incident light to a first color light, a second color cell, which transmits incident light or changes incident light to a second color light and a third color cell, which transmits incident light or changes incident light to a third color light. The color filter layer includes a first filter which transmits a cyan light, a second filter which transmits a magenta light and a third filter which transmits a yellow light.

Abstract: An electrochromic material including a metal-organic framework including a metal, and an organic compound including a functional group, wherein the organic compound forms a coordination complex with the metal.

Abstract: An electrochromic device according to example embodiments may include a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an electrochromic layer positioned between the first electrode and second electrode and including an electrochromic material, and an electrolyte contacting the electrochromic layer between the first electrode and second electrode and including an electron accepting molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed is ink for an electrochromic device including an electrochromic material, a metal salt, and a solvent. Disclosed also is an electrochromic device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an auxiliary electrode disposed on the first electrode or the second electrode, an electrochromic layer applied on the auxiliary electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the first electrode and second electrode, wherein the electrochromic layer is formed using ink including an electrochromic material and a metal salt. Disclosed also is a method of manufacturing the electrochromic device.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: Also disclosed is an electrochromic device including the electrochromic compound.

Abstract: A tunable photonic crystal color filter and a color image display apparatus including the same. A tunable photonic crystal color filter includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and a medium disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The medium includes charged nanoparticles having a lattice structure in the medium. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of a material having a difference between an oxidative over-potential and a reductive over-potential.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, an electrochromic device includes pixel containing a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel includes a first electrolyte contacting a first electrochromic layer. The first electrochromic layer includes a first electrochromic material configured to display each one of transparency and at least two colors, based on a voltage applied to the first electrochromic material. The second sub-pixel includes a second electrolyte contacting a second electrochromic layer. The second electrochromic layer includes a second electrochromic material configured to display each one of transparency, black, and at least one color other than black, based on a voltage applied to the second electrochromic material.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposing the first electrode, a first electrochromic layer, a second electrochromic layer, and an electrolyte contacted with the first and second electrochromic layers. The first and second electrochromic layers are positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes different electrochromic materials. The first and second electrochromic layers are simultaneously n-type or simultaneously p-type. The electrochromic device may display transparency and various colors in a single pixel without using plural sub-pixels.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode, a porous electrochromic layer disposed on the first electrode or the second electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The porous electrochromic layer includes different sized nanoparticle clusters, and each nanoparticle cluster includes a plurality of nanoparticles and an electrochromic material.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a color image panel includes pixels configured to display a color image. At least one of the pixels includes a tunable photonic crystal filter configured to reflect light in a wavelength band of a selected color and to transmit light in a wavelength band other than the wavelength band of the selected color, based on a stimulus controlling a photonic bandgap of tunable photonic crystal filter, and a white display unit configured to control saturation and brightness of color displayed by the tunable photonic crystal filter, based on the white display unit adding white light to color light reflected from the tunable photonic crystal filter.

Abstract: A method of preparing high refractive index nanoparticles includes adding a polymer stabilizer to a solvent, and forming high refractive index nanoparticles by adding high refractive index nanoparticle materials to the solvent and stirring the same. The high refractive index nanoparticle materials may have a refractive index equal to or greater than 1.8, and sizes of the high refractive index nanoparticles may be determined by adjusting a content of the polymer stabilizer to control an amount of the polymer stabilizer adsorbed to surfaces of the high refractive index nanoparticles.

Abstract: An electrochromic material including at least one compound represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 3, for use in an electrochromic device: wherein Z1 to Z3 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkylene group or a combination thereof, R1 to R3 are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 heteroarylene group or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of preparing a monodisperse particle may include mixing at least two types of monomers in a solvent, placing an initiator in the solvent, and forming a particle having a copolymer shape by polymerizing the at least two types of monomers. The particle may have a size controlled by a content of the at least two types of monomers.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, an electrochromic device includes pixel containing a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel includes a first electrolyte contacting a first electrochromic layer. The first electrochromic layer includes a first electrochromic material configured to display each one of transparency and at least two colors, based on a voltage applied to the first electrochromic material. The second sub-pixel includes a second electrolyte contacting a second electrochromic layer. The second electrochromic layer includes a second electrochromic material configured to display each one of transparency, black, and at least one color other than black, based on a voltage applied to the second electrochromic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode and being in contact with the electrochromic layer. The electrochromic layer may include a plurality of oxide semiconductor particles, a metal oxide on the surface of the oxide semiconductor particles, and an electrochromic material. An energy bandgap of the oxide semiconductor particles is in a range of about 3 eV to about 5 eV and an energy bandgap of the metal oxide is in a range of about 3 eV to about 5 eV, and a difference of conduction band energy levels of the oxide semiconductor particles and the metal oxide is about 0.5 eV or less. A method of manufacturing the electrochromic device may also be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic material including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic material. In Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, L1, and L2 are as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: An electrochromic device according to example embodiments may include a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, an electrochromic layer positioned between the first electrode and second electrode and including an electrochromic material, and an electrolyte contacting the electrochromic layer between the first electrode and second electrode and including an electron accepting molecule.