Abstract: In order to improve fastening precision, the present disclosure provides a projection-type blind hybrid fastening apparatus for fastening a first frame part which has an upper open side and through which a first coupling hole is formed and a second frame part through which a second coupling hole is formed, the apparatus including a projection fastening part including a head portion that extends outward from an upper rim surface of the first coupling hole and an extension support portion which extends upward from an inner end of the head portion and through which a first through-hole is formed on an inner circumference thereof, a blind fastening part which extends integrally upward from the extension support portion and through which a second through-hole communicating with the first through-hole is formed on an inner circumference thereof, and a tool coupling part which extends integrally upward from the blind fastening part and through which a third through-hole communicating with the second through-hole is

Abstract: To improve fastening precision and economic feasibility, the present disclosure provides a clinching-type blind hybrid fastening apparatus inserted into and fastened to a frame part through which a first coupling hole is formed in a hollow shape and on one side of an upper surface thereof and a second coupling hole is formed on a lower surface thereof, the apparatus including a body part which is inserted into the frame part and has an outer lower surface rim seated on an upper surface rim of the second coupling hole, a blind fastening part including a rivet fastening portion that integrally extends upward from the body part and has an upper end disposed above the first coupling hole, a close contact step portion that is integrally formed at an upper portion of the rivet fastening portion, and a head portion that extends outward from an upper end of the close contact step portion, and a clinching fastening part that is integrally extending downward from the body part and has a lower end disposed below the sec

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for reusing wastewater. The method for reusing wastewater disclosed herein includes: generating a mixed wastewater by mixing multiple types of wastewater (S20); performing a first purification by passing the mixed wastewater through a flocculation-sedimentation unit (S40); performing a second purification by passing an effluent of the flocculation-sedimentation unit through a membrane bioreactor (MBR) (S60); performing a third purification by passing an effluent of the MBR through a reverse-osmosis membrane unit (S80); and reusing an effluent of the reverse-osmosis membrane unit as cooling water or industrial water (S100).

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic control brake system and a method for controlling the same. The method for controlling an electronic control brake system of a vehicle according to the present disclosure, in which a service brake is configured to provide a braking force by hydraulic pressure to each wheel and a drum in hat (DIH) brake is configured to provide a parking brake force to each of the wheels by pulling a parking cable, the method including determining whether rocking of the vehicle occurs due to a weight shift of the vehicle at the DIH brake on the basis of operation information of an electronic parking brake (EPB) system configured to adjust a braking force of the DIH brake, state information of a transmission gear, and state information of a brake pedal; and when the rocking of the vehicle is determined to occur, automatically operating the service brake.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic control brake system and a method for controlling the same. The method for controlling an electronic control brake system of a vehicle according to the present disclosure, in which a service brake is configured to provide a braking force by hydraulic pressure to each wheel and a drum in hat (DIH) brake is configured to provide a parking brake force to each of the wheels by pulling a parking cable, the method including determining whether rocking of the vehicle occurs due to a weight shift of the vehicle at the DIH brake on the basis of operation information of an electronic parking brake (EPB) system configured to adjust a braking force of the DIH brake, state information of a transmission gear, and state information of a brake pedal; and when the rocking of the vehicle is determined to occur, automatically operating the service brake.

Abstract: A biosensor utilizing bio-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles is provided. An external magnetic field is applied to a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles. A linearly polarized incident light is applied to the suspension of magnetic nanoparticles. A photocurrent from polarized light scattering by bio-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in liquid is detected. The magneto-optic sensing technique is applied to a micro-fluidic channel for rapid and sensitive detection with a small sample amount, and subsequent magnetic separation for detoxification. This technique is used for the detection of Brownian relaxation with time sweep as well as frequency sweep. The magneto-optical sensor enables rapidly detecting changes in local dynamic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles in liquids and magnetic modulation of ferromagnetic particles in liquid provides increased signal sensitivity.

Abstract: A biosensor utilizing bio-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles is provided. An external magnetic field is applied to a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles. A linearly polarized incident light is applied to the suspension of magnetic nanoparticles. A photocurrent from polarized light scattering by bio-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in liquid is detected. The magneto-optic sensing technique is applied to a micro-fluidic channel for rapid and sensitive detection with a small sample amount, and subsequent magnetic separation for detoxification. This technique is used for the detection of Brownian relaxation with time sweep as well as frequency sweep. The magneto-optical sensor enables rapidly detecting changes in local dynamic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles in liquids and magnetic modulation of ferromagnetic particles in liquid provides increased signal sensitivity.

Abstract: A method for implementing miniaturization of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and a magnetic memory using single domain switching by direct current are provided. The magnetic memory preferably includes a half-circle or U-shaped architecture with an exchange biasing pad, such as a FeMn exchange biasing pad that effectively generates a head-to-head magnetization configuration. The magnetic memory also includes nanometer scale notches in order to minimize magnetostatic interaction between a single domain memory element and the spin current sources and to effectively trap the magnetic domain wall. Reading the bit can be carried out by anisotropic magnetoresistance, or by other means of determining the magnetization orientation through resistance measurements, such as a spin valve or a magnetic tunneling junction.

Abstract: A method for implementing miniaturization of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and a magnetic memory using single domain switching by direct current are provided. The magnetic memory preferably includes a half-circle or U-shaped architecture with an exchange biasing pad, such as a FeMn exchange biasing pad that effectively generates a head-to-head magnetization configuration. The magnetic memory also includes nanometer scale notches in order to minimize magnetostatic interaction between a single domain memory element and the spin current sources and to effectively trap the magnetic domain wall. Reading the bit can be carried out by anisotropic magnetoresistance, or by other means of determining the magnetization orientation through resistance measurements, such as a spin valve or a magnetic tunneling junction.