Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a variable voltage selection circuit configured to compare a first variable voltage having a voltage level corresponding to an internal temperature of a first region and a second variable voltage having a voltage level corresponding to an internal temperature of a second region to generate a selected variable voltage, when a selection pulse is generated, and a temperature code generation circuit configured to compare the selected variable voltage to a reference voltage to generate a temperature code whenever a comparison pulse is generated after a temperature code activation signal is activated.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a carbon dioxide removal system is presented. In some cases, a gas-liquid contactor is wetted with an alkaline capture solution. A first flow from a first gaseous feed including CO2 from a first source is directed to interact with the alkaline capture solution in the gas-liquid contactor, which forms a first CO2-rich alkaline capture solution. A second flow from a second gaseous feed including CO2 from a second, distinct source is directed to interact with the first CO2-rich alkaline capture solution, which forms a second CO2-rich alkaline capture solution. In some cases, the second flow is independent of the first gaseous feed, and a concentration of CO2 in the second CO2-rich alkaline capture solution is higher than a concentration of CO2 in the first CO2-rich alkaline capture solution. CO2 can be separated from the second CO2-rich alkaline capture solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing MXene, by which the manufacturing costs are reduced, and the manufacturing steps are simplified. According to one aspect, provided is the method of preparing a MXene, the method including (S1) preparing a preliminary MXene by halogenating a MAX through a halogenation reaction using a halogen gas and (S2) preparing a MXene by reducing the preliminary MXene through a reduction reaction.

Abstract: A voltage generation circuit includes a voltage control circuit configured to disable a high voltage driving signal, after generating a low voltage driving signal and the high voltage driving signal by comparing a reference voltage and an internal voltage after the start of a mismatching cancellation operation and a sensing operation, and a voltage supply circuit including a first driver having a first driving power and a second driver having a second driving power and configured to drive the internal voltage by selectively activating the first driver and the second driver based on the low voltage driving signal and the high voltage driving signal.

Abstract: A knowledge distillation method for compressing an image segmentation model that is performed in a computing device including one or more processors and a memory storing one or more programs executed by the one or more processors includes training a first image segmentation model including a first image encoder, a first image embedding layer, and a first mask decoder, constructing a second image segmentation model including a second image encoder, a second image embedding layer, and a second mask decoder according to preset constraints, and performing knowledge distillation for the second image embedding layer of the second image segmentation model based on the trained first image segmentation model.

Abstract: A computation method for the binary neural network is performed on a computing device that includes one or more processors and a memory storing one or more programs executed by the one or more processors, and includes generating a fully connected graph based on output channels of a convolutional layer of a binary neural network, extracting a minimum spanning tree from the fully connected graph, and re-arranging an order of computations between respective output channels based on the minimum spanning tree.

Abstract: An intelligent transportation system uses a multi-layer satellite. The intelligent transportation system according to an embodiment includes a first satellite, a second satellite that is different from the first satellite in one or more of a communication coverage, a communication cost, and a communication-related resource, a third satellite that is different from the first satellite and the second satellite in one or more of the communication coverage, the communication cost, and the communication-related resource, and one or more mobile nodes that perform data communication with one or more of the first satellite, the second satellite, and the third satellite, and are means of equipped with communication equipment.

Abstract: In a general aspect, interfacial surface structures for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed are presented. In some cases, a method of removing carbon dioxide gas from a gaseous feed includes wetting surfaces of an interfacial surface structure in a gas-liquid contactor with an alkaline capture solution. The gaseous feed containing the CO2 gas is passed across the wetted surfaces of the interfacial surface structure to dissolve the CO2 gas in the alkaline capture solution. A CO2-rich alkaline capture solution is collected from the gas-liquid contactor. The CO2-rich alkaline capture solution includes dissolved CO2 gas from the gaseous feed.

Abstract: Provided is a method performed by a computing system for providing an integrated chatbot-based service. The method includes receiving, by an integrated chatbot, a query from a user device; extracting a main keyword from the query; transmitting the extracted main keyword to a first chatbot and a second chatbot; receiving, from the first chatbot and the second chatbot, a content search result corresponding to the extracted main keyword; and providing a response to the query to the user device based on the received content search result.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3D printer for construction for printing and forming various structures, in which a spray pipe follows a nozzle for discharging concrete or mortar, and sprays a liquid material onto the surface of a printed object, thereby enabling the liquid material to be applied on the surface of the printed object. Through the present invention, the printing of the printed object and the spraying of the liquid material onto the surface of the printed object may be carried out simultaneously by means of the 3D printer for construction, and thus a rapid and uniform coating treatment of the printed object is possible, and an adequate wet state of the tissue of the printed object may be maintained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3D printer for construction for printing and forming various structures wherein a roller 50 follows a nozzle 10 which discharges concrete, mortar, or the like, to bring an outer peripheral surface of the roller 50 to be in close contact with a surface of the printed object, and thus the surface of the printed object is flattened. According to the present invention, a high-degree surface flattening work can be performed on the surface of a printed object simultaneously as the printed object is printed by a 3D printer for construction, thus enabling rapid and reliable flattening of the printed object and smooth surface forming.

Abstract: A light emitting element may include a semiconductor stack structure including an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and an active layer disposed between the N-type semiconductor layer and the P-type semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer disposed on a side portion of the semiconductor stack structure. The semiconductor stack structure may include a fluorinated area disposed adjacent to the insulating layer.

Abstract: A federated learning method performed by a server and a terminal includes transmitting, by the server, a global model to a terminal and receiving, by the server, a local parameter from the terminal. The local parameter may be determined by the terminal obtaining at least one model of a previous model and a global model, obtaining a representation of the obtained model, and updating a current model using the representation.

Abstract: A method of operating a recommendation information providing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include acquiring first user information; applying the first user information to a relationship learning model based on a rendering history corresponding to content; and providing content recommendation information corresponding to the first user information using the output information of the learning model.

Abstract: In a general aspect, interfacial surface structures for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed are presented. In some cases, a method of removing carbon dioxide gas from a gaseous feed includes wetting surfaces of an interfacial surface structure in a gas-liquid contactor with an alkaline capture solution. The gaseous feed containing the CO2 gas is passed across the wetted surfaces of the interfacial surface structure to dissolve the CO2 gas in the alkaline capture solution. A CO2-rich alkaline capture solution is collected from the gas-liquid contactor. The CO2-rich alkaline capture solution includes dissolved CO2 gas from the gaseous feed.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a carbon dioxide removal system is presented. In some cases, a gas-liquid contactor is wetted with an alkaline capture solution. A first flow from a first gaseous feed including CO2 from a first source is directed to interact with the alkaline capture solution in the gas-liquid contactor, which forms a first CO2-rich alkaline capture solution. A second flow from a second gaseous feed including CO2 from a second, distinct source is directed to interact with the first CO2-rich alkaline capture solution, which forms a second CO2-rich alkaline capture solution. In some cases, the second flow is independent of the first gaseous feed, and a concentration of CO2 in the second CO2-rich alkaline capture solution is higher than a concentration of CO2 in the first CO2-rich alkaline capture solution. CO2 can be separated from the second CO2-rich alkaline capture solution.

Abstract: The base station according to an embodiment communicates with one or more user terminals through one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs). The base station includes a communicator that performs communication with at least one of the one or more user terminals and the one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and a controller connected to the communicator, and the controller may determine a matching state of the one or more user terminals and the one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces that maximizes a sum of data rates for the one or more user terminals connected through the communicator, on/off states of one or more reflective elements included in the one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, total power consumption, and a phase value of the one or more reflective elements included in the one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for training and managing a prediction model, and a master apparatus and a slave apparatus for the same. there is provided a system for training and managing a prediction model, the system including a master apparatus configured to generate a prediction model, train the prediction model, and obtain the trained prediction model; and a slave apparatus configured to collect data, transmit the data to the master apparatus, receive the prediction model or the trained prediction model from the master apparatus, and operate based on the prediction model or the trained prediction model. The master apparatus is further configured to generate the prediction model or train the prediction model based on the data transmitted from the slave apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparation of a filer containing a DNA fraction and a filler prepared thereby. Despite low contents of the components in the filler, the preparation method of the present invention can secure viscoelasticity in the filler as a physical support and has a high efficiency due to the advantage of preparation processes thereof. The filler prepared through the filler preparation method of the present invention is superb in terms of skin thickness improvement, skin wrinkle reduction effect, and collagen formation ability and causes low pain during injection, giving high satisfaction to patients and operators.

Abstract: A light emitting element may include a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer including a first area, a second area, and a third area that have different doping concentrations, an active layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer that are disposed between at least one of the first area, the second area, and the third area. The first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer may include different materials.