Abstract: Disclosed is nanocoupling of a polymer onto a surface of a metal substrate for improving coating adhesion of the polymer on the metal substrate, and in vivo stability and durability of the polymer. In accordance with the present invention, the polymers can be grafted via a chemical bonding on the surface of the metal substrate by the nanocoupling, by which adhesion, biocompatibility and durability of a polymer-coated layer which is to be formed later on the metal substrate were remarkably improved; therefore, the nanocoupling according to the present invention can be applied to surface modification of a metal implant, such as stents, mechanical valves, and an articular, a spinal, a dental and an orthopedic implants.

Abstract: Disclosed is nanocoupling of a polymer onto a surface of a metal substrate for improving coating adhesion of the polymer on the metal substrate, and in vivo stability and durability of the polymer. In accordance with the present invention, the polymers can be grafted via a chemical bonding on the surface of the metal substrate by the nanocoupling, by which adhesion, biocompatibility and durability of a polymer-coated layer which is to be formed later on the metal substrate were remarkably improved; therefore, the nanocoupling according to the present invention can be applied to surface modification of a metal implant, such as stents, mechanical valves, and an articular, a spinal, a dental and an orthopedic implants.

Abstract: A sampling clock signal recovery device and method for providing the sampling clock signal recovery device, in a receiving terminal of a discrete multitone (DMT) system, for accurately recovering a sampling clock signal by reducing sampling-induced jitter noise, i.e., by removing additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) from the receiving terminal of the DMT system, and stably recovering a sampling clock signal. The above is accomplished by determining whether the phase error is smaller than a predetermined threshold value. If the phase error is equal to, or greater than the predetermined threshold value, then the instant invention corrects the sampling clock signal by the phase error. However, if the phase error is less than the predetermined threshold value, then the instant invention calculates an average value of some or all of decision error values, and corrects the sampling clock signal by the average value. Thus, a sampling clock signal is more accurately recovered.