Abstract: A non-volatile memory device including a substrate including a first area and a second area, a mold structure on the substrate, the mold structure including gate electrodes and mold insulating films alternately stacked on each other in a stepwise manner, an interlayer insulating film covering the mold structure, a channel structure on the first area, the channel structure extending through the mold structure and connected to the gate electrodes, and a through-contact on the second area and extending through the interlayer insulating film, the through-contact including a first portion in a first trench and a second portion in a second trench, the first portion including a liner film along a sidewall and a bottom surface of the first trench and a filling film on the liner film, wherein the filling film being a multi-grain conductive material, and the second portion being a single grain conductive material, may be provided.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment includes: a first inverter; and a second inverter cross-coupled to the first inverter, wherein the second inverter includes a pull-up transistor, a pull-down transistor, and a ferroelectric field effect transistor having gate nodes connected to each other, and a restore transistor having one electrode connected to the ferroelectric field effect transistor, and the second inverter stores data in a nonvolatile manner.

Abstract: A PUF apparatus comprises: a PUF cell array in which a plurality of PUF cells are arranged each including a FeFET pair whose gates are commonly connected to a corresponding word line among a plurality of word lines, and whose drains and sources are connected to a corresponding bit line pair and a corresponding source line pair among a plurality of bit line pairs and a plurality of source line pairs running in a direction crossing the plurality of word lines; and a read-write-back block which is activated according to a read enable signal, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference occurring in a corresponding bit line pair among the plurality of bit line pairs according to the difference in driving strength due to a deviation in a manufacturing process of the FeFET pair in the PUF cell selected by a selected word line among the plurality of word lines.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell wherein carbon nanotubes are impregnated into Korean paper, thereby enhancing electroconductivity, and a gas diffusion layer manufactured thereby. The method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell which is to manufacture a gas diffusion layer as a constituent member of a unit cell in a fuel cell, includes a support preparation step of preparing a support with Korean paper; a dispersion preparation step of dispersing a carbon substance in a solvent to form a dispersion, a coating step of coating the support with the dispersion, and a thermal treatment step of thermally treating the dispersion-coated support to fix the carbon substance to the support.

Abstract: An embodiment sulfur dioxide-based inorganic electrolyte is provided in which the sulfur dioxide-based inorganic electrolyte is represented by a chemical formula M·(A1·Cl(4-x)Fx)z·ySO2. In this formula, M is a first element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ca, and Mg, A1 is a second element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Ga, and Cu, x satisfies a first equation 0?x?4, y satisfies a second equation 0?y?6, and z satisfies a third equation 1?z?2.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging examination of cells on a surface of living tissue using moxifloxacin includes: a light source emitting light towards living tissue stained with moxifloxacin; a photographing unit photographing the living tissue subjected to fluorescence excitation by the light emitted from the light source; a lens unit controlling the light emitted from the light source or a fluorescence path of moxifloxacin excited by the light; an objective lens controlling a focus of the photographing unit; an active lens disposed between the objective lens and the photographing unit and changing a focal position on the living tissue; and an image generator performing image processing of a cell image of the living tissue photographed by the photographing unit to generate an in-focus image, in which the entirety of the cell image is in focus.

Abstract: A fluorescence endoscopic method for visualization of colorectal tissue using a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and a method for diagnosis of lesions of colorectal tissue using the same. The fluorescence endoscopic method for visualization of colorectal tissue includes staining goblet cells of the colorectal tissue with moxifloxacin, which is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, and exciting the stained goblet cells with single photons in the near UV region or in the visible region, followed by fluorescence endoscopic photographing of the goblet cells, thereby enabling acquisition of morphological information on living tissue without damage to or destruction of the colorectal tissue, while allowing diagnosis of lesions of the colon based on the morphological information on living tissue such as information on the distribution of the goblet cells.

Abstract: A fluorescence endoscopic method for visualization of colorectal tissue using a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and a method for diagnosis of lesions of colorectal tissue using the same. The fluorescence endoscopic method for visualization of colorectal tissue includes staining goblet cells of the colorectal tissue with moxifloxacin, which is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, and exciting the stained goblet cells with single photons in the near UV region or in the visible region, followed by fluorescence endoscopic photographing of the goblet cells, thereby enabling acquisition of morphological information on living tissue without damage to or destruction of the colorectal tissue, while allowing diagnosis of lesions of the colon based on the morphological information on living tissue such as information on the distribution of the goblet cells.

Abstract: A sensing system and method are provided. The sensing system includes a sensor unit that is configured to output a voltage having a magnitude that corresponds to a detected physical quantity and an amplification unit that is configured to amplify a magnitude in the output of the sensor unit to a constant gain. An offset removal unit is configured to remove a direct current (DC) offset from an output amplified by the amplification unit to generate a first detection signal. An inversion circuit unit is configured to invert the first detection signal to generate a second detection signal. A microcomputer is configured to then calculate the physical quantity detected by the sensor unit based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal.

Abstract: A sensing system and method are provided. The sensing system includes a sensor unit that is configured to output a voltage having a magnitude that corresponds to a detected physical quantity and an amplification unit that is configured to amplify a magnitude in the output of the sensor unit to a constant gain. An offset removal unit is configured to remove a direct current (DC) offset from an output amplified by the amplification unit to generate a first detection signal. An inversion circuit unit is configured to invert the first detection signal to generate a second detection signal. A microcomputer is configured to then calculate the physical quantity detected by the sensor unit based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell model for diseases associated with corneal neovascularization by using Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-infected human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Provided are a method for preparing a cell model for diseases associated with corneal neovascularization by using EBV-infected HCECs, the method including: infecting HCECs with EBV; culturing the infected HCECs; and determining whether the cultured HCECs are infected with EBV. In addition, provided is a method for screening diseases associated with corneal neovascularization prepared by the cell model for diseases associated with corneal neovascularization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell model for diseases associated with corneal neovascularization by using Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-infected human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Provided are a method for preparing a cell model for diseases associated with corneal neovascularization by using EBV-infected HCECs, the method including: infecting HCECs with EBV; culturing the infected HCECs; and determining whether the cultured HCECs are infected with EBV. In addition, provided is a method for screening diseases associated with corneal neovascularization prepared by the cell model for diseases associated with corneal neovascularization.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a light emitting diode device in which a fine prominence and depression is formed on a semiconductor layer to make an anti-reflection region. The light emitting diode device comprises, a substrate; a N-type semi-conductor layer; an active layer for generating light; P-type semiconductor layer; a first exposed region formed by etching the active layer and the P-type semiconductor layer to partly expose the N-type semiconductor layer; a first ohmic contact formed on the first exposed layer; a second ohmic contact formed on the P-type semiconductor layer, and having an opening to partly form a second exposed region on the P-type semiconductor layer, said second exposed layer being formed to partly have a ultra-fine prominence and depression.

Abstract: A sub-arm assembly of a window regulator may include a sub-arm which is pivotally coupled to a main arm of a window regulator in a letter X shape, wherein upper ends of the sub arm and the main arm are configured to support a lower end of glass and a lower end of the sub-arm is configured to be slidable on a base panel; a sliding bar pivotally coupled the lower end of the sub-arm; and a guide rail integrally formed with the base panel so as to extend from the base panel and having a space to slidably receive the sliding bar.

Abstract: Provided is a system for exchanging contents between a first DRM apparatus and a second DRM apparatus, wherein each of which belongs to different DRM domain. The first DRM apparatus includes unpackaging means for unpackaging first DRM formatted contents into clear resources, metadata, and rights expression; converting means for converting each of the clear resources, metadata, and rights expression into its own predefined neutral format, respectively; generating means for generating neutral formatted contents by combining the converted resources, metadata, and rights expression; adding predetermined header information thereto; and transmitting means for transmitting the neutral-formatted contents to said second DRM apparatus.

Abstract: A sub-arm assembly of a window regulator may include a sub-arm which is pivotally coupled to a main arm of a window regulator in a letter X shape, wherein upper ends of the sub arm and the main arm are configured to support a lower end of glass and a lower end of the sub-arm is configured to be slidable on a base panel; a sliding bar pivotally coupled the lower end of the sub-arm; and a guide rail integrally formed with the base panel so as to extend from the base panel and having a space to slidably receive the sliding bar.

Abstract: A mixture and method comprising same is described for chemical vibrational mechanical polishing (CVMP) of excess material from the underlying substrate surface. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises: providing the substrate comprising the copper layer and the excess copper-containing material disposed thereupon; introducing the substrate into a vessel containing a chemical mechanical polishing mixture comprising a solution and a plurality of particles wherein the solution comprises an etchant, a modifier, and a surfactant and wherein an average particle diameter of the particles ranges from 100 to 3000 &mgr;m; and agitating the vessel with the substrate contained therein to remove the excess copper-containing material from the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and process for transferring a call charge during call forwarding in a private branch exchange (PBX) system. A call connected to a first extension terminal is forwarded to a second extension terminal upon request for call forwarding from the first extension terminal. It is determined whether the first extension terminal requests for call charge transfer. Information about the call charge of the first extension terminal for the call during the time period from a call set-up to the call forwarding is shifted to a call charge buffer of the second extension terminal. Upon the call charge transferring request, it is determined whether the forwarded call is completed, and the call charge of the second extension terminal is outputted upon completion of the forwarded call.