Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to an apparatus and method for managing creator campaigns. According to an aspect of the embodiments, there is provided an apparatus for managing creator campaigns, the apparatus including: memory; and a controller configured to provide a creator campaign and provide a reward to a supporter for a creator who has completed performing the creator campaign.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte solution are provided. The electrolyte solution includes an additive containing a compound having a specific structure, an organic solvent and a lithium salt. Accordingly, the lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte solution has improved rapid charging performance, life-span properties, and high-temperature storage properties.

Abstract: An example operation method of an image forming apparatus includes determining a state of a toner refill operation of injecting toner from a toner reload kit (TRK) into a cartridge in the image forming apparatus, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, controlling the TRK to store information indicating a toner refill completion in a memory of the TRK, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, updating information of an amount of remaining toner of the cartridge based on an amount of the toner injected into the cartridge from the TRK, and based on the information indicating the toner refill completion being stored in the memory of the TRK, unlocking a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus so the TRK may be removed from the cartridge.

Abstract: An example operation method of an image forming apparatus includes determining a state of a toner refill operation of injecting toner from a toner reload kit (TRK) into a cartridge in the image forming apparatus, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, controlling the TRK to store information indicating a toner refill completion in a memory of the TRK, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, updating information of an amount of remaining toner of the cartridge based on an amount of the toner injected into the cartridge from the TRK, and based on the information indicating the toner refill completion being stored in the memory of the TRK, unlocking a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus so the TRK may be removed from the cartridge.

Abstract: An example operation method of an image forming apparatus includes determining a state of a toner refill operation of injecting toner from a toner reload kit (TRK) into a cartridge in the image forming apparatus, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, controlling the TRK to store information indicating a toner refill completion in a memory of the TRK and updating information of an amount of remaining toner of the cartridge based on an amount of the toner injected into the cartridge from the TRK.

Abstract: An operation method of an image forming apparatus including determining a state of a toner refill operation of injecting toner from a toner reload kit (TRK) to a cartridge in the image forming apparatus; when determined the injecting of the toner into the cartridge is completed, controlling the TRK to store information indicating a toner refill completion in a memory of the TRK; and updating information of an amount of remaining toner of the cartridge, based on an amount of the toner injected into the cartridge from the TRK.

Abstract: A process for preparing a LiCoO.sub.2 or LiNiO.sub.2 powder comprising the steps of dissolving lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide and cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt oxide or cobalt hydroxide; or dissolving lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide, and nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide to produce a mixed solution, sufficiently mixing the mixed solution with a chelating agent, polyacrylic acid, malic acid or polyvinyl butyral, slowly heating the above to produce a sol, continuously and slowly heating the sol to produce a gel precursor, heating the gel precursor to produce a precursor powder, and calcining the precursor powder to produce a LiCoO.sub.2 or LiNiO.sub.2 powder is simple and economic. The particles of the powder produced by the process are so microscopic and have a high specific surface area that cathode material of a lithium based secondary cell using the powder shows preferable properties.