Abstract: The method of preparing a laminate includes: preparing a process target, which is a laminate before being processed, where a light-shielding film has been disposed; and preparing a cleaned laminate through a first cleaning including applying UV rays and carbonated water to the process target, wherein the light-shielding film includes a transition metal and an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a layer including a light transmitting substrate, and a light shielding film disposed on the light transmitting substrate, and a phase shift film disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the light shielding film. A center measuring area based on the center of the light shielding film and an edge measuring area being distant by 20 mm from the edge of the light shielding film. The center measuring area and the edge measuring area are respectively squares having a side of 20 ?m.

Abstract: Proposed is a federated learning system. The federated learning system may comprise: a central server configured to transmit a first parameter of an extractor in a federated learning model including the extractor and a classifier to each of a plurality of client devices, and receive a plurality of first parameters learned from the plurality of client devices to update the federated learning model; and the plurality of client devices configured to train each of the plurality of the first parameters of the federated learning model using a training data set stored in each of the plurality of client devices while maintaining a value of a second parameter value of the classifier in the federated learning model, and to transmit each of the plurality of the trained first parameters to the central server.

Abstract: The blank mask according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a transparent substrate and a multilayer light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate. The multilayer light shielding film comprises a transition metal and at least any one between oxygen and nitrogen. The multilayer light shielding film comprises a first light shielding film and a second light shielding film disposed on the first light shielding film. The multilayer light shielding film comprises total nine parts that are formed by trisection in a width direction and a length direction of an upper surface of the multilayer light shielding film. Each part of the multilayer light shielding film comprises a measuring range disposed in a side thereof.

Abstract: Proposed is a federated learning system. The federated learning system comprises: a central server configured to transmit at least one global parameter of a global model to each client device, receive at least one local parameter of a local model trained from each of client devices, and update the global model using the at least one local parameter; and a plurality of client devices configured to train the local model by applying a loss between a predicted value of the global model and a predicted value of the local model possessed by itself to a loss function, and transmit at least one local parameter of the trained local model to the central server.

Abstract: A blank mask includes a transparent substrate and a multilayer light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate, the multilayer light shielding film including a transition metal and at least any one between oxygen and nitrogen, the multilayer light shielding film including a first light shielding film and a second light shielding film disposed on the first light shielding film, and the multilayer light shielding film having an EA (Edge side Area damaged) value of 2 nm2 or less

Abstract: A blank mask including a transparent substrate and a light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the light shielding film comprises a transition metal and at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, and wherein when an optical density of the light shielding film is measured ten times by a light with a wavelength of 193 nm, a standard deviation of measured optical density is 0.009 or less, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to a fermented soybean composition and a method for preparing a fermented soybean composition.

Abstract: A blank mask including a transparent substrate and a light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the light shielding film includes a transition metal and at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, and wherein a surface of the light shielding film has a first contact angle of 40° to 45° measured by using diiodo-methane as a first liquid contacting the surface of the light shielding film, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a substrate for a blank mask including: a first cleaning including irradiating a cleaning target substrate with a pre-treatment light to prepare a substrate cleaned with light, and a second cleaning including applying a first cleaning solution and a post-treatment light to the substrate cleaned with light to prepare the substrate for the blank mask, is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a blank mask including a transparent substrate and a light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the light shielding film includes a transition metal and at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, wherein when a surface of the light shielding film includes nine sectors formed by trisecting the surface of the light shielding film vertically and horizontally, each of the nine sectors has a Rsk value, respectively, and an average value of the Rsk values of the nine sectors is equal to ?0.64 or more and less than or equal to 0, where Rsk value is a height symmetry of the surface of the light shielding film measured in accordance with ISO_4287, and wherein an average value of Rku values, which are kurtosis of the surface of the light shielding film measured in accordance with ISO_4287, of the nine sectors is 3 or less.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing a counseling service. A method of operating a counseling center server interworking with an instant messaging service includes creating, based on an input of a first user requesting counseling for a channel registered in the service, a first counseling ticket corresponding to the channel, determining whether the first counseling ticket is created due to switch to manned counseling during unmanned counseling based on a type of the requested counseling and a second counseling ticket created before the first counseling ticket by a request of the first user, updating an indicator for a counseling status of the channel based on a result of the determination and counseling data stored in correspondence with the second counseling ticket, and providing the updated indicator for the counseling status to a terminal of a second user linked to the channel.

Abstract: A method of operating a counseling center server interworking with an instant messaging service includes, in response to a request for opening a counseling center of a channel registered in the service, creating a counseling center module corresponding to the channel, receiving a search request based on a message transmitted to a chat room of the channel included in the counseling center module, transmitting a query corresponding to the search request to a search medium interworking with the counseling center module based on an interworking structure of the counseling center module, the search medium comprising at least one of a knowledge database and a chatbot, creating a search result corresponding to the search request based on a response to the query received from the search medium, and requesting an instant messaging server providing the service to transmit the search result through the chat room.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pouch type secondary battery, a battery pack, and a method for manufacturing the pouch type secondary battery. According to one aspect of the present invention, in an exterior accommodating an electrode assembly, a sealing part is formed along a circumference of the electrode assembly. The sealing part includes a first sealing part formed to cover an electrode lead, and one end of the first sealing part is formed below an upper end of a circumference of a cup formed in the pouch.

Abstract: A blank mask including: a transparent substrate and a light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the light shielding film includes a transition metal and at least one of oxygen and nitrogen, and wherein the light shielding film has an SA1 value of 60 to 90 mN/m according to Equation 1-1: SA1=?SL×tan ???[Equation 1-1] where, in the Equation 1-1, the ?SL is an interfacial energy between the light shielding film and a pure water and ? is a contact angle of the light shielding film measured with the pure water, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a blank mask and the like, and comprises a transparent substrate and a light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate. The light shielding film comprises a transition metal and at least any one between oxygen and nitrogen. The light shielding film comprises a first light shielding layer and a second light shielding layer disposed on the first light shielding layer. The light shielding film has an Rd value of Equation 1 below which is 0.4 to 0.8. Rd=er2/er1??[Equation 1] In the Equation 1, the er1 value is an etching rate of the first light shielding layer measured by etching with argon gas. The er2 value is an etching rate of the second light shielding layer measured by etching with argon gas. In such a blank mask, a resolution degradation can be suppressed effectively when the light shielding film is patterned.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a blank mask including: a transparent substrate; and a light shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the light shielding film comprises a transition metal and at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, and wherein a Mtr value of Equation 1 below of a surface of the light shielding film is 6 or less: Mtr=|Rsk|*Rku ??[Equation 1] where, in the Equation 1, |Rsk| is an absolute value of an Rsk value, which is a height skewness of the surface of the light shielding film, and Rku is kurtosis of the surface of the light shielding film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photomask comprising: a transparent substrate; and a multi-layer light shielding pattern film disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the multi-layer light shielding pattern film comprises: a first light shielding film; and a second light shielding film disposed on the first light shielding film and comprising a transition metal and at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, and wherein a surface roughness Wr of the measuring zone satisfies Equation 1 below: 0 nm<Wr?Wo?3 nm??[Equation 1] where, in the Equation 1 above, Wo is a surface roughness of the measuring zone before soaking and washing processes, Wr is a surface roughness of the measuring zone after soaking in SC-1 (standard clean-1) solution and washing with ozone water, and the SC-1 solution comprises NH4OH, H2O2, and H2O.

Abstract: A photomask blank includes a light-transmitting substrate, and a shading layer part disposed on the light-transmitting substrate, the shading layer part including a first shading layer having a first hardness and a second shading layer having a second hardness. The first shading layer is disposed closer to the light-transmitting substrate than the second shading layer, and a value of the first hardness is larger that a value of the second hardness.

Abstract: A battery cell of a venting structure using taping is disclosed. The battery cell includes a battery case including a first case and a second case, at least one of the first and second cases being provided with a receiving part for receiving the electrode assembly, thermally bonded edges for sealing the receiving part being provided outside the receiving part, a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead protruding outward from the battery case, and an electrode assembly received in the battery case, the electrode assembly having electrode tabs protruding from one end thereof, the electrode tabs being coupled to the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead, wherein seal reinforcement tapes are attached to some of the thermally bonded edges so as to surround outer ends of the some thermally bonded edges.