Abstract: A low-power artificial intelligence (AI) processing system combining an artificial neural network (ANN) and a spiking neural network (SNN) includes an ANN including an artificial layer, an SNN configured to output an artificial layer of the ANN as the same operation result, a main controller configured to calculate an ANN computational cost and an SNN computational cost for each artificial layer, an operation domain selector configured to select an operation domain having a lower computational cost by comparing the ANN computational cost and the SNN computational cost, and an equivalent converter configured to form a combined neural network by converting the artificial layer of the ANN into a spiking layer of the SNN according to selection of an SNN operation domain of the operation domain selector. Therefore, there is no loss of accuracy when compared to the ANN.

Abstract: A composite polishing pad for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and a method for producing the composite CMP. The composite polishing pad for CMP contains a polymer substrate layer including a plurality of protrusions formed on the upper surface thereof; and a carbon nanotube layer including carbon nanotubes embedded in and fixed to the upper portion of the substrate layer.

Abstract: A chimney tray for a reactor, wherein a gas reactant and a liquid reactant are mixed in chimneys to improve the dispersion performance of the liquid reactant on the catalyst bed of a fixed bed reactor thereby increasing the contact efficiency between the liquid reactant and the catalyst depending on the uniformity of flow of the liquid reactant, resulting in increased reaction efficiency, and which includes a tray having a plurality of through-holes, and a plurality of chimneys perpendicularly inserted into the through-holes of the tray and having one or more outlets penetrating there through and facing each other, wherein each of the plurality of chimneys includes a conical lower end which is formed such that it extends from the lower surface of the tray to make an angle of 10˜40° with respect to the direction of the normal line of the tray.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for decontaminating disposable protective products prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), used in a nuclear power plant, to less than minimum detectable activity (MDA) are disclosed. In the disclosed methods and apparatus, solid protective products made of PVA, generated from a nuclear power plant, are dissolved into a liquid, and then are decontaminated to less than MDA. The PVA solution decontaminated in this way is concentrated to an appropriate concentration or dried, and finally is subjected to self-disposal. This can fundamentally block the generation amount of combustible waste amounting to 50% or more of low and intermediate level waste of nuclear power plants, thereby considerably contributing to a reduction of the operating expenses of the nuclear power plants.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for decontaminating disposable protective products prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), used in a nuclear power plant, to less than minimum detectable activity (MDA) are disclosed. In the disclosed methods and apparatus, solid protective products made of PVA, generated from a nuclear power plant, are dissolved into a liquid, and then are decontaminated to less than MDA. The PVA solution decontaminated in this way is concentrated to an appropriate concentration or dried, and finally is subjected to self-disposal. This can fundamentally block the generation amount of combustible waste amounting to 50% or more of low and intermediate level waste of nuclear power plants, thereby considerably contributing to a reduction of the operating expenses of the nuclear power plants.

Abstract: A chimney tray for a reactor, wherein a gas reactant and a liquid reactant are mixed in chimneys to improve the dispersion performance of the liquid reactant on the catalyst bed of a fixed bed reactor thereby increasing the contact efficiency between the liquid reactant and the catalyst depending on the uniformity of flow of the liquid reactant, resulting in increased reaction efficiency, and which includes a tray having a plurality of through-holes, and a plurality of chimneys perpendicularly inserted into the through-holes of the tray and having one or more outlets penetrating there through and facing each other, wherein each of the plurality of chimneys includes a conical lower end which is formed such that it extends from the lower surface of the tray to make an angle of 10˜40° with respect to the direction of the normal line of the tray.

Abstract: A method for recovering from a download failure of program and a portable terminal employing the method is provided. The inventive method comprises the steps of reading, when the portable terminal is booting, a specific region of a NAND type memory and determining whether or not an emergency download is set in the specific region, if the emergency download is set, copying download-related data and variables from the NAND type memory to a random access memory (RAM), and setting a program counter at a zero address of the random access memory to thereby execute download-related code.

Abstract: A method for recovering from a download failure of program and a portable terminal employing the method is provided. The inventive method comprises the steps of reading, when the portable terminal is booting, a specific region of a NAND type memory and determining whether or not an emergency download is set in the specific region, if the emergency download is set, copying download-related data and variables from the NAND type memory to a random access memory (RAM), and setting a program counter at a zero address of the random access memory to thereby execute download-related code.

Abstract: Provided is a multimedia data processing apparatus for use in a portable device having a NAND flash memory. The multimedia data processing apparatus is capable of processing multimedia data with no regard to capacity of a random access memory by configuring database information in the NAND flash memory when the multimedia data is stored, and directly accessing the corresponding multimedia data in the NAND flash memory in real-time by using the configured database information when the corresponding multimedia data is processed.