Abstract: A battery management apparatus and method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to obtaining a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a battery cell in a non-destructive manner by appropriately adjusting a preset negative electrode profile. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, by using the battery profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile for the degraded battery cell, there is an advantage that the positive electrode profile of the degraded battery cell may be easily estimated in a non-destructive manner.

Abstract: A method for predicting a temperature of a heat sink for cooling a power module including at least one switching element and a Negative Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (NTC) sensor is provided. The method for predicting a temperature of a heat sink includes: estimating a temperature variation of the NTC sensor using a power loss of the power module based on a power loss occurring in the at least one switching element according to driving of the power module and a thermal resistance of the power module; obtaining a temperature of the power module detected by the NTC sensor; and predicting the temperature of the heat sink from a difference between the temperature of the power module and the temperature variation of the NTC sensor.

Abstract: An angle-adjustable sun cap includes a band unit, a visor unit attached to the band unit to be rotatable on the band unit, and a cap side coupling device that couples the band unit and the visor unit, in which the cap side coupling device includes an inner coupler and an outer coupler. With the cap side coupling device, the angle between the band unit and the visor unit may be adjusted and the band unit and the visor unit may be correctly fixed at the adjusted angle.

Abstract: A hair band-UV protection sun visor includes an outer band and an inner band, a visor unit coupled to the band unit to be rotatable on the band unit, and a cap side coupling device that couples the band unit and the visor unit. The cap side coupling device includes a circular coupler and a latch coupler, the circular coupler is fixedly coupled to the visor unit and the latch coupler is fixedly coupled to the band unit, and the circular coupler visor unit is rotated or fixed on the latch coupler band unit.

Abstract: An angle-adjustable sun cap includes a band unit, a visor unit attached to the band unit to be rotatable on the band unit, and a cap side coupling device that couples the band unit and the visor unit, in which the cap side coupling device includes an inner coupler and an outer coupler. With the cap side coupling device, the angle between the band unit and the visor unit may be adjusted and the band unit and the visor unit may be correctly fixed at the adjusted angle.

Abstract: An elongate sweatband material for incorporation into a headwear piece and having a length. Thread is knitted to define interengaged U-shaped loops that: a) have a width that is enlarged to permit elongation of the sweatband in a lengthwise direction a first amount under a tensile force of a first magnitude applied in a direction parallel to the length of the sweatband material; and b) cooperate to reinforce each other in a direction transversely to the lengthwise direction so that the sweatband stretches transversely to the lengthwise direction a second amount that is substantially less than the first amount under a tensile force of the first magnitude applied in a direction transversely to the length of the sweatband material.

Abstract: A headwear piece having a crown with a plurality of gores, including first and second gores, that are joined at a connecting line at a first circumferential location on the crown. The gores cooperatively produce an inverted, cup-shaped receptacle into which a user's head can be directed. The crown has a bottom portion that extends at least partially around a wearer's head to embrace the wearer's head. A sweatband on the crown engages a wearer's head. The first and second gores are stretchable circumferentially away from the connecting line to thereby increase the diameter of the crown. The sweatband has a portion that is locally non-stretchable at the first circumferential location so that the sweatband and first and second gores are circumferentially stretchable together away from the first circumferential location in response to the direction of a user's head, with at least a predetermined effective diameter, into the receptacle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless Internet access repeater and method thereof. When a user terminal is located in a blanket area, the wireless Internet access repeater receives first communication type signals in a first frequency band from a wireless Internet access network. The received signals are converted into a second communication type format, are processed to be signals in a second frequency band, and are transmitted to the user terminal. The repeater receives the second communication type signals in the second frequency band from the user terminal, converts the received signals into a first communication type format, processes the converted signals to be the first communication type signals in the first frequency band, and transmits them to the wireless Internet access network. Hence, the user can receive a wireless Internet service and multimedia services without interference between the signals with the same frequency in the blanket are.

Abstract: A method for forming high density emission elements for a field emission display and field emission elements and field emission displays formed according to the method. Oxygen and a silicon etchant are introduced into a plasma etching chamber containing a silicon substrate. The oxygen reacts with the silicon surface to form regions of silicon dioxide, while the silicon etchant etches the silicon to form the emission elements. The silicon dioxide regions mask the underlying silicon during the silicon etch process. High density and high aspect ratio emission elements are formed without using photolithographic processes as practiced in the prior art. The emission elements formed according to the present invention provide a more uniform emission of electrons than the prior art techniques. Further, a display incorporating emission elements formed according to the present invention provides increased brightness.