Abstract: According to the present disclosure, disclosed are a learning operating method based on a federated distillation, a learning operating server, and a learning operating terminal which calculate a local average logit by collecting data samples by the terminal, transmit the local average logit and seed samples to an uplink of a server, perform distillation of a global model based on the seed sample and the local average logit by the server to solve the problems of the privacy and communication overhead generated in the distributed network.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to devices and techniques for operating an electronic apparatus that controls a sensor, the devices and techniques including acquiring first sensing data through the sensor, identifying a data variation based on the first sensing data and sensing data for a first time point and a second time point acquired in advance based on a sampling period of the sensor, identifying target data among a plurality of predetermined meaningful data based on the identified data variation and determining a time point at which the target data is to be acquired, and controlling the sampling period based on the determined time point.

Abstract: Provided are a data receiving method and device to increase a probability of receiving normal data from a plurality of peripheral devices. A data receiving method of a device includes receiving current data from any one peripheral device of a plurality of peripheral devices, determining whether the received current data is normal data, calculating a probability that next data is normal data, on the basis of a result of the determination, and determining whether to receive the next data according to the calculated probability, in which the next data is data transmitted by the any one peripheral device or another peripheral device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for determining cognitive radio terminals. The device comprises: a spectrum sensing information storage unit for receiving and storing interference amount information for each frequency from spectrum sensing devices; a communication success probability calculation unit for receiving position information from secondary user terminals within a network and calculating a communication success probability of each secondary user terminal; a reinforced learning unit for setting the communication success probability as an initial access probability for each of the secondary user terminals and enabling learning such that an access probability, a state function, and a utility function are updated for each of the secondary user terminals at each iteration; and a cognitive radio terminal determining unit for, when the leaning is completed in the reinforced learning unit, selecting a secondary user terminal to execute cognitive radio communication on the basis of a final access probability.

Abstract: A device for providing a location-based automatic participation chat room, the device, when a request to open a chat room is received along with service location information from at least one host terminal, creates at least one chat room, and sets a chat room identifier and a recognition code corresponding to each of the at least one chat room, and when at least one guest terminal accesses a location corresponding to the service location information using a pre-set participation means or the recognition code included in the participation means is received, makes the guest terminal participate in the chat room corresponding to the recognition code.

Abstract: Provided are a data receiving method and device to increase a probability of receiving normal data from a plurality of peripheral devices. A data receiving method of a device includes receiving current data from any one peripheral device of a plurality of peripheral devices, determining whether the received current data is normal data, calculating a probability that next data is normal data, on the basis of a result of the determination, and determining whether to receive the next data according to the calculated probability, in which the next data is data transmitted by the any one peripheral device or another peripheral device.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributed reinforcement learning includes: a local neural network for receiving state information regarding a surrounding environment and estimating an action execution probability from the state information according to a previously learned pattern estimation method; a loss estimation unit for applying learning to the local neural network by estimating a loss value from the action execution probability and a global action execution probability transmitted from a central server; a local experience memory for mapping and storing the state information and the action execution probability; a clustering unit for clustering the state information stored in the local experience memory according to a pre-designated method to classify the state information into state clusters having proxy state information configured beforehand; and a local proxy memory for mapping and storing the proxy state information and proxy action execution probability corresponding to each state cluster for transmitting to t

Abstract: Provided is a device for allocating a dynamic frequency for a secondary user in a cognitive radio network. The device includes: an OP map generation unit for generating an opportunity map, which represents a probability of successful communication of the secondary transmitter in each region of the cognitive radio network, by using one or more of spectrum sensing information, which is received from a spectrum sensor that has completed sensing and includes identifier information, location information, and a sensing measurement matrix, an access request message, which is received from the secondary transmitter and includes identifier information, location information, and operable band information, and the density and transmission powers of primary transmitters; and a response message generation unit for generating a response message, which includes the channel having the highest probability of successful communication and the probability of successful communication, based on the generated map.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for determining cognitive radio terminals. The device comprises: a spectrum sensing information storage unit for receiving and storing interference amount information for each frequency from spectrum sensing devices; a communication success probability calculation unit for receiving position information from secondary user terminals within a network and calculating a communication success probability of each secondary user terminal; a reinforced learning unit for setting the communication success probability as an initial access probability for each of the secondary user terminals and enabling learning such that an access probability, a state function, and a utility function are updated for each of the secondary user terminals at each iteration; and a cognitive radio terminal determining unit for, when the leaning is completed in the reinforced learning unit, selecting a secondary user terminal to execute cognitive radio communication on the basis of a final access probability.

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining a node location in a cognitive radio network environment in which data is transmitted from a first node to a third node via a second node. The method includes information requesting wherein the first node transmits an information request signal to a plurality of second nodes in a preset segmented region; information receiving wherein the first node receives, from the second nodes, location information and frequency resource information for each second node corresponding to the transmitted information request signal; and segment determining wherein the first node determines one segment in the segmented region based on the received location information and frequency resource information.

Abstract: Provided is a device for allocating a dynamic frequency for a secondary user in a cognitive radio network. The device includes: an OP map generation unit for generating an opportunity map, which represents a probability of successful communication of the secondary transmitter in each region of the cognitive radio network, by using one or more of spectrum sensing information, which is received from a spectrum sensor that has completed sensing and includes identifier information, location information, and a sensing measurement matrix, an access request message, which is received from the secondary transmitter and includes identifier information, location information, and operable band information, and the density and transmission powers of primary transmitters; and a response message generation unit for generating a response message, which includes the channel having the highest probability of successful communication and the probability of successful communication, based on the generated map.

Abstract: Provided is a method of determining a node location in a cognitive radio network environment in which data is transmitted from a first node to a third node via a second node. The method includes information requesting wherein the first node transmits an information request signal to a plurality of second nodes in a preset segmented region; information receiving wherein the first node receives, from the second nodes, location information and frequency resource information for each second node corresponding to the transmitted information request signal; and segment determining wherein the first node determines one segment in the segmented region based on the received location information and frequency resource information.

Abstract: A central management server for special communication may include: a spectrum sensing information acquisition unit for acquiring spectrum sensing information from spectrum sensing servers; an OP map generation unit for generating an OP value for each channel if there is an access request from a second layer; and a channel allocation unit configured to allocate a channel based on the OP value to a user terminal of the second layer requesting access if there is an access request from the second layer. The channel allocation unit may allocate a channel corresponding to the highest OP value from among the available channels, if there are available channels unused by both a first layer and a lower-level layer, and may select and allocate a channel unused by the first layer but used by the lower-level layer, if there are no such available channels.

Abstract: A central management server for special communication may include: a spectrum sensing information acquisition unit for acquiring spectrum sensing information from spectrum sensing servers; an OP map generation unit for generating an OP value for each channel if there is an access request from a second layer; and a channel allocation unit configured to allocate a channel based on the OP value to a user terminal of the second layer requesting access if there is an access request from the second layer. The channel allocation unit may allocate a channel corresponding to the highest OP value from among the available channels, if there are available channels unused by both a first layer and a lower-level layer, and may select and allocate a channel unused by the first layer but used by the lower-level layer, if there are no such available channels.

Abstract: A method for a Mobility Management Entity (MME) to control a connection of a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system is provided. The method includes a first standby method including an MME in a wireless communication system that includes predicting an overload durating time when an overload duration time that is predicted, transmitting to an enhanced Node B (eNodeB) information on the reconnection method of the UE that is decided, wherein the plurality of reconnection methods represent methods for the UE attempting reconnection with the MME after a second standby time that is longer than the first standby time, and an MME reselection method for the UE attempting the reconnection with an MME which is different from the MME.

Abstract: A method for a Mobility Management Entity (MME) to control a connection of a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system is provided. The method includes a first standby method including an MME in a wireless communication system that includes predicting an overload durating time when an overload duration time that is predicted, transmitting to an enhanced Node B (eNodeB) information on the reconnection method of the UE that is decided, wherein the plurality of reconnection methods represent methods for the UE attempting reconnection with the MME after a second standby time that is longer than the first standby time, and an MME reselection method for the UE attempting the reconnection with an MME which is different from the MME.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for relaying data in a multi-hop cellular system, the method including receiving by a terminal from a base station a notification as to whether the terminal is decided as a candidate for a relay, deciding by the terminal whether to be a representative candidate terminal for the relay according to a channel state with the other terminals within a coverage of the base station if the terminal is decided as the candidate for the relay, sending by the terminal to the base station a notification if the terminal is decided as the representative candidate terminal, and relaying data received from the other terminals to calculate relay probability terminals to the base station if the terminal is notified from the base station as to that the terminal is finally decided as the relay.

Abstract: A communication system using a hierarchical modulation scheme and/or a network coding scheme is provided. A relay node included in the communication system may generate a relay packet by applying a network coding scheme to a hierarchically modulated source packet and to a destination packet received from a destination node. The relay packet is transmitted to a source node and a destination node, and the source node and the destination node may extract a desired packet from a relay packet. The communication system also may adaptively determine an optimal communication mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for data communication in a radio network, including calculating an expected value of transmission efficiency of a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol and an expected value of transmission efficiency of a Slotted ALOHA protocol, comparing the two expected values, switching a mode into the mode of the protocol having the larger expected value from among the expected value of transmission efficiency of the CSMA/CA protocol and the expected value of transmission efficiency of Slotted ALOHA protocol, and broadcasting, to stations (STAs), a message for indicating the STAs to switch a protocol into the protocol having the larger expected value of transmission efficiency, and transmitting data by using the protocol having the larger expected value of transmission efficiency.

Abstract: A communication system, a relay station, a mobile station, a base station, and a method using a network coding scheme are provided. A communication system includes a relay station, a mobile station, and a base station. A relay station includes a message receiving unit to receive a downlink message transmitted from a base station and an uplink message transmitted from a mobile station, a message generation unit to generate a network coded message by coding the downlink message and the uplink message according to a network coding scheme, and a message transmission unit to transmit the network coded message to the base station and the mobile station during the same time slot.