Abstract: A method of controlling an EOP of a powertrain may include determining, by a controller electrically connected to the EOP, whether an oil sloshing phenomenon in which it is difficult for oil to return to a space where an oil intake port of the EOP is positioned may occur while a vehicle is running; and reducing, by the controller, the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the EOP by a predetermined reduced RPM when it is determined that the oil sloshing phenomenon may occur.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to an electrochromic device having excellent elongation and tensile strength while achieving an excellent light transmission variable function based on the electrochromic principle. The electrochromic device comprises a light transmission variable structure interposed between a first base layer and a second base layer, wherein the light transmission variable structure comprises a first chromic layer and a second chromic layer, an electrolyte layer is interposed between the first chromic layer and the second chromic layer, and the elongation is 60% to 170%.

Abstract: A display device comprises a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels defined by a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines; and an auxiliary ground voltage line disposed between two adjacent data lines of the plurality of data lines.

Abstract: A display panel can include a substrate, a light-emitting element including an emission region on the substrate, a reference voltage line adjacent to the light-emitting element, and a branch line connected to the reference voltage line to apply a reference voltage to light-emitting element. The light-emitting element can emit light on the emission region in a direction of the substrate. Further, the branch line can include a semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer of the branch line can overlap the emission region.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for measuring a thickness of thin film using x-ray where a thickness of a thin film of nanometer_(nm) level can be accurately measured without destructing an target sample, through determination of thickness of thin film of the target sample, by determining a calibration curve by comparing a difference of intensities of signals scattered by a special component included in a base layer of the reference sample.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for measuring for measuring a thickness of thin film using x-ray where a thickness of a thin film of nanometer(nm)-level can be accurately measured without destructing an target sample, through determination of thickness of thin film of the target sample, by determining a calibration curve by comparing a difference of intensities of signals scattered by a special component included in a base layer of the reference sample having a base layer and a base layer formed with the thin film layer with a thickness of the thin film layer, and determining the thickness of thin film layer of the target sample by comparing a difference of intensities of signals scattered by the special component included in the base layer of the target sample having the base layer formed with the thin film layer with the reference sample having the base layer with the calibration curve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver thin film spread apparatus by means of deposition of nano metallic silver, the apparatus comprising: a treatment booth formed at one side with an inlet for inputting a substrate, and formed at the other side with an outlet for discharging the substrate; a transfer device formed at a lower side of the treatment booth for transferring the substrate; a spray device formed at an upper side of the treatment booth for spraying silver solution on a surface of the substrate; a moving device for linearly reciprocating the spray device; and a rotation device formed at the lower side of the treatment booth for rotating the substrate, whereby reflectivity can be enhanced by increasing film compactness and coating uniformity of thin film, where the substrate is rotated at a predetermined constant speed to allow the spray guns to linearly reciprocate and to allow the nano silver thin film to be uniformly spread and deposited on the surface of the substrate at a predetermined constant frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroless deposition of metallic silver on various plates. More particularly, in the present invention, by spraying a silver solution including ionic silver to be reduced into metallic silver and a reducing solution a reducing agent for reducing the silver solution at the same time to a predetermined region above a substrate, metallic silver particles having a diameter less than 30 ? are formed, and a silver layer is formed by a deposition of the nano-sized metallic silver. Since the silver layer includes nano-sized silver particles having a diameter less than 3 nm, a reflector having a high density, that is, surface roughness, can be manufactured. The reflector has a considerably excellent reflectance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver thin film spread apparatus by means of deposition of nano metallic silver, the apparatus comprising: a treatment booth formed at one side with an inlet for inputting a substrate, and formed at the other side with an outlet for discharging the substrate; a transfer device formed at a lower side of the treatment booth for transferring the substrate; a spray device formed at an upper side of the treatment booth for spraying silver solution on a surface of the substrate; a moving device for linearly reciprocating the spray device; and a rotation device formed at the lower side of the treatment booth for rotating the substrate, whereby reflectivity can be enhanced by increasing film compactness and coating uniformity of thin film, where the substrate is rotated at a predetermined constant speed to allow the spray guns to linearly reciprocate and to allow the nano silver thin film to be uniformly spread and deposited on the surface of the substrate at a predetermined constant frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroless deposition of metallic silver on various plates. More particularly, in the present invention, by spraying a silver solution including ionic silver to be reduced into metallic silver and a reducing solution a reducing agent for reducing the silver solution at the same time to a predetermined region above a substrate, metallic silver particles having a diameter less than 30 ? are formed, and a silver layer is formed by a deposition of the nano-sized metallic silver. Since the silver layer includes nano-sized silver particles having a diameter less than 3 nm, a reflector having a high density, that is, surface roughness, can be manufactured. The reflector has a considerably excellent reflectance.