Abstract: A polyester multi-layer film of the present invention comprises: a substrate layer comprising polyester; and a skin layer located on at least one surface of the substrate layer, wherein the polyester multi-layer film suppresses generation of oligomers in the film and migration to the surface even in a high-temperature treatment process by satisfying a predetermined correlation between the concentration of cyclic oligomers in the film and a haze value before and after heat treatment, thereby maintaining transparency and visibility of the film in the long term.

Abstract: A first communication device receives a first data unit from a second communication device via one or more communication channels. The first data unit includes an indication of a first set of one or more sub-channels allocated to the first communication device, and the first data unit is configured to prompt the first communication device to transmit channel availability information as part of a subsequent orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission. The first communication device determines channel availability information for the one or more communication channels, and when the first communication device determines that at least one of the communication channels is idle, the first communication device transmits a second data unit to the second communication device in one or more sub-channels allocated to the first communication device as part of the OFDMA transmission, the second data unit including the channel availability information.

Abstract: A first communication device generates a packet associated with acknowledgment of frames corresponding to multiple second communication devices. Generating the packet includes generating a frame that includes a field having respective acknowledgment information for the multiple second communication devices in respective subfields. The subfields have a plurality of different formats. The subfields are arranged within the field in groups of adjacent subfields such that each group includes only subfields of a same format and/or includes only subfields corresponding to second communication devices that have communicated to the first communication device a same set of supported formats of the subfields. The first communication device transmits the packet to the multiple second communication devices.

Abstract: A first communication device determines one or more parameters related to a format of a media access control layer (MAC) data unit for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The format of the MAC data unit for the UL MU transmission is different than a format of a MAC data unit for an UL single user (SU) transmission. The first communication device generates one or more data units that include the one or more parameters. The first communication device transmits the one or more data units to a plurality of second communication devices to inform the plurality of second communication devices of the format of the MAC data unit for UL MU transmissions by the plurality of second communication devices to the first communication device.

Abstract: A first communication device determines one or more parameters related to a format of a media access control layer (MAC) data unit for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The format of the MAC data unit for the UL MU transmission is different than a format of a MAC data unit for an UL single user (SU) transmission. The first communication device generates one or more data units that include the one or more parameters. The first communication device transmits the one or more data units to a plurality of second communication devices to inform the plurality of second communication devices of the format of the MAC data unit for UL MU transmissions by the plurality of second communication devices to the first communication device.

Abstract: A first communication device receives a first data unit from a second communication device via one or more communication channels. The first data unit includes an indication of a first set of one or more sub-channels allocated to the first communication device, and the first data unit is configured to prompt the first communication device to transmit channel availability information as part of a subsequent orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission. The first communication device determines channel availability information for the one or more communication channels, and when the first communication device determines that at least one of the communication channels is idle, the first communication device transmits a second data unit to the second communication device in one or more sub-channels allocated to the first communication device as part of the OFDMA transmission, the second data unit including the channel availability information.

Abstract: A transistor includes a channel forming layer on a substrate, a gate on the channel forming layer and including an electrochemically indifferent metal, a solid electrolyte layer between the channel forming layer and the gate, the solid electrolyte layer is formed as a stack structure with the gate on the channel forming layer, an active metal layer including an electrochemically active metal capable of enabling channel switching by using an oxidation-reduction reaction of the electrochemically active metal so that the active metal layer forms a metal channel in a channel region between the channel forming layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and a source and a drain electrically connected to the active metal layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for configuring a network in a terminal of a wireless communication system are provided. The network configuring method includes sending a reference message in a communication radius of the terminal; when receiving at least one ACKnowledge (ACK) message for the reference message, checking a node degree of each adjacent terminal which sends the ACK message, the node degree indicating the number of neighboring terminals of each adjacent terminal; forming an inner region and an outer region of the terminal based on an adjacent terminal of the greatest node degree among the adjacent terminals; determining a transmit power in the inner region and a transmit power in the outer region; and determining a final transmit power for configuring a network using the transmit power of the inner region and the transmit power of the outer region.

Abstract: A transistor includes a channel forming layer on a substrate, a gate on the channel forming layer and including an electrochemically indifferent metal, a solid electrolyte layer between the channel forming layer and the gate, the solid electrolyte layer is formed as a stack structure with the gate on the channel forming layer, an active metal layer including an electrochemically active metal capable of enabling channel switching by using an oxidation-reduction reaction of the electrochemically active metal so that the active metal layer forms a metal channel in a channel region between the channel forming layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and a source and a drain electrically connected to the active metal layer.

Abstract: A structure is provided for protecting a Radio Frequency Remote Head (RRH). The structure includes a solar head and a solar body. An upper side of the solar head is sloped to prevent an inflow of rainwater and has at least one solar panel, and a lower side thereof has at least one round cable hole surrounded by a rubber material. The solar body is situated on a lower end of the solar head and includes a plurality of solar panels, a side of each of which is sloped to prevent an inflow of rainwater and is openable upward. An upper end of the solar body has an air outlet formed to exhaust air, and a lower end thereof has an air inlet formed to receive air. The air outlet and the air inlet each have a plurality of supports arranged at specific intervals and connected by a protection net.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for configuring a network in a terminal of a wireless communication system are provided. The network configuring method includes sending a reference message in a communication radius of the terminal; when receiving at least one ACKnowledge (ACK) message for the reference message, checking a node degree of each adjacent terminal which sends the ACK message, the node degree indicating the number of neighboring terminals of each adjacent terminal; forming an inner region and an outer region of the terminal based on an adjacent terminal of the greatest node degree among the adjacent terminals; determining a transmit power in the inner region and a transmit power in the outer region; and determining a final transmit power for configuring a network using the transmit power of the inner region and the transmit power of the outer region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plane heating element which is supplied with power to generate heat. The plane heating element may include a support layer made of ceramic glass, a heat-generating layer which is formed by printing heat-generating paste on the upper surface of the support layer, and an insulating layer which is formed by applying insulating paste on the upper surface of the heat-generating layer. The heat generating paste may be dried and plasticized, and receives predetermined power to generate heat. The insulating paste may be dried and plasticized and may be configured to insulate the and prevent oxidation of the heat-generating layer. The present invention provides a strong adhesion with respect to a glass substrate and makes it possible to increase temperature up to a target level in a short time, and thus can be used as an effective printing method in various electric and electronic product fields.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus and method for supporting a Relay Station (RS) in a multiple antenna communication system are provided. The calibration method in the multiple antenna communication system which supports the RS includes, when a modem stage sends a downlink calibration signal, receiving, at a calibrator, the downlink calibration signal and estimating a downlink path channel, when the calibrator sends an uplink calibration signal, receiving, at the modem stage, the uplink calibration signal and estimating an uplink path channel, determining, at the modem stage, calibration coefficients per path not to generate a phase and amplitude difference with respect to the estimated uplink path channel and the estimated downlink path channel, and applying the calibration coefficients per path to corresponding antennas respectively.

Abstract: A metal nanowire including gold nanoclusters on the surface thereof for binding a target material and a method of binding the target material to the metal nanowire are provided.

Abstract: A base station is capable of performing 4-beamforming using Radio Units (RU), each having two paths in a wireless communication system. The base station includes a Digital Unit (DU), a first RU, and a second RU. The DU performs a mutual conversion function between an information bit line and a digital signal, calculates beamforming coefficients for 4-beamforming, and performs the 4-beamforming using the beamforming coefficients. The first RU has two Radio Frequency (RF) paths, extracts a clock signal from a digital signal from the DU, and provides the clock signal to the second RU. The second RU has two RF paths and operates according to the clock signal provided from the first RU.

Abstract: A structure is provided for protecting a Radio Frequency Remote Head (RRH). The structure includes a solar head and a solar body. An upper side of the solar head is sloped to prevent an inflow of rainwater and has at least one solar panel, and a lower side thereof has at least one round cable hole surrounded by a rubber material. The solar body is situated on a lower end of the solar head and includes a plurality of solar panels, a side of each of which is sloped to prevent an inflow of rainwater and is openable upward. An upper end of the solar body has an air outlet formed to exhaust air, and a lower end thereof has an air inlet formed to receive air. The air outlet and the air inlet each have a plurality of supports arranged at specific intervals and connected by a protection net.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrode and a method for preparing the same, and is particularly related to an electrode that has an intricate structure of active material layer, conductive material layer, or mixture layer of active material and conductive material that displays superior electrochemical properties despite being thin, and a method for preparing an electrode using the coating method of SIC.

Abstract: A base station is capable of performing 4-beamforming using Radio Units (RU), each having two paths in a wireless communication system. The base station includes a Digital Unit (DU), a first RU, and a second RU. The DU performs a mutual conversion function between an information bit line and a digital signal, calculates beamforming coefficients for 4-beamforming, and performs the 4-beamforming using the beamforming coefficients. The first RU has two Radio Frequency (RF) paths, extracts a clock signal from a digital signal from the DU, and provides the clock signal to the second RU. The second RU has two RF paths and operates according to the clock signal provided from the first RU.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus and method for supporting a Relay Station (RS) in a multiple antenna communication system are provided. The calibration method in the multiple antenna communication system which supports the RS includes, when a modem stage sends a downlink calibration signal, receiving, at a calibrator, the downlink calibration signal and estimating a downlink path channel, when the calibrator sends an uplink calibration signal, receiving, at the modem stage, the uplink calibration signal and estimating an uplink path channel, determining, at the modem stage, calibration coefficients per path not to generate a phase and amplitude difference with respect to the estimated uplink path channel and the estimated downlink path channel, and applying the calibration coefficients per path to corresponding antennas respectively.

Abstract: Duplex supporting apparatus and method in a base station system which supports a multi-antenna are provided. The duplex supporting apparatus in a base station system which supports K(?1)-ary sectors and M(?1)-ary antennas per sector, includes a plurality of channel cards for generating M-ary data to be sent to the M-ary antennas, exchanging part of the M-ary data with other channel cards, constituting a frame with part of the M-ary data and data received from the other channel cards, and providing the generated frame to a corresponding Radio Frequency (RF) module; and a plurality of RF modules for extracting the M-ary data from a frame of a corresponding channel card among the channel cards, RF-processing the extracted M-ary data, and feeding the processed data to original sectors/antennas.