Abstract: A pad liner includes a first pad clip that surrounds and is coupled to a side protrusion protruding in a lateral direction from a brake pad, and a torque support located under the first pad clip and between a side surface of the brake pad and the caliper body. The torque support supports a braking torque. The first pad clip includes a reference surface located on one of a top surface and a bottom surface of the side protrusion, a vertical elastic portion located on an opposite side from the reference surface that pressurizes the side protrusion in a direction of the reference surface, and a clip side portion that connects the reference surface and the vertical elastic portion and surrounds a side surface of the side protrusion. The pad liner minimizes a vertical gap and movement of the brake pad.

Abstract: Provided is a glass product manufacturing apparatus. The glass product manufacturing apparatus includes a furnace including a gas heating zone and an electric heating zone, a first heat exchange module configured to recover heat from the furnace, and a pump configured to drive flow of a heat transfer medium fluid passing through the first heat exchange module, wherein at least a part of the first heat exchange module is thermally coupled with at least a part of an external surface of the electric heating zone. The glass product manufacturing apparatus may reduce defect rate while exhibiting high energy efficiency.

Abstract: A glass product manufacturing apparatus and a method of manufacturing glass products are disclosed. The glass product manufacturing apparatus includes a melting vessel, a support grating configured to support an outer wall of the melting vessel, a cooling module configured to cool the outer wall of the melting vessel, on the support grating, and a support frame detachably fastened to the support grating to limit a movement of the support grating. By using the glass product manufacturing apparatus and the method of manufacturing glass products, high energy efficiency is maintained even when operating, and a defect rate is reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a glass product manufacturing apparatus. The glass product manufacturing apparatus includes a furnace including a gas heating zone and an electric heating zone, a first heat exchange module configured to recover heat from the furnace, and a pump configured to drive flow of a heat transfer medium fluid passing through the first heat exchange module, wherein at least a part of the first heat exchange module is thermally coupled with at least a part of an external surface of the electric heating zone. The glass product manufacturing apparatus may reduce defect rate while exhibiting high energy efficiency.

Abstract: Method for making a minute product by using laser beam. A workpiece is mounted on a mounting device. The laser beam is irradiated to a pre-selected portion of the workpiece for ablation. The space formed during the ablation is filled with filler. The other portion of the workpiece is ablated for making the workpiece to have a predetermined shape. The filler is removed from the shaped workpiece to provide the minute product.

Abstract: A method of growing a high quality gallium nitride (GaN) film at a high growth rate, which is used in homoepitaxy blue laser diodes or electronic devices. In the GaN film growth method, a bare sapphire substrate is nitridated in a reactor, and then sequentially exposed to a surface pretreatment with a gas mixture of ammonia (NH3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), and an additional nitridation. The obtained GaN film has a mirror surface with slight roughness.