Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery, including a sulfur-carbon composite as a positive electrode active material. The sulfur-carbon composite includes a porous carbonaceous material having a high specific surface area, and the total pore volume in the carbonaceous material and a volume of pores having a specific diameter are controlled to specific ranges. Also disclosed is a lithium-sulfur battery using the sulfur-carbon composite. The lithium-sulfur battery shows reduced initial irreversible capacity and improved output characteristics and life characteristics.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery is provided. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material comprising a first and second sulfur-carbon composites respectively comprising a first and a second carbonaceous materials having a different specific surface area and pore volume from each other, and provides reduced initial irreversible capacity and improved output characteristics and life characteristics of a secondary battery.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite electrode for an all-solid-state battery includes: preparing a precursor solution by mixing at least one solid electrolyte precursor and at least one polar solvent; stirring the precursor solution; preparing an electrode slurry by adding an active material to the stirred precursor solution; and heat-treating the electrode slurry and obtaining the composite electrode for the all-solid-state battery, wherein the composite electrode for the all-solid-state battery includes: the active material; and a coating layer disposed on the active material and including a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A precursor for a positive electrode active material and a method of making the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments a method includes forming precursor seeds for a positive electrode active material by a co-precipitation reaction while supplying a transition metal aqueous solution, an ammonium cationic complexing agent, and a basic compound to a reaction solution, and growing precursor particles for a positive electrode active material by a co-precipitation reaction while supplying a transition metal aqueous solution, an ammonium cationic complexing agent, and a basic compound to the reaction solution containing the precursor seeds, wherein the co-precipitation reaction to grow the precursor particles proceeds while continuously increasing feed rates of the transition metal aqueous solution and the ammonium cationic complexing agent.

Abstract: A laminate can comprise an oxide disposed over a first major surface of a substrate. The oxide layer can comprise a thickness of about 40 nanometers or less. The oxide layer can comprise oxygen and a first element. The first element can comprise at least one of titanium, tantalum, silicon, or aluminum. The oxide layer can comprise an atomic ratio of oxygen to the another element of about 1.5 or less. The laminate can comprise a peel strength between the substrate and the oxide layer of about 1.3 Newtons per centimeter or more. Methods of making a laminate can comprise providing a substrate comprising a first major surface and depositing an oxide layer over the first major surface of the substrate by sputtering from an elemental target comprising an another element in an oxygen environment.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sulfur-carbon composite including a step of pretreating a carbon material is provided. The method is capable of removing water and other impurities from the carbon material effectively, and the sulfur-carbon composite obtained by the method used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium-sulfur battery provides improved sulfur supportability and over-voltage performance of the lithium-sulfur battery, reduced initial irreversible capacity of the positive electrode active material, and improved output characteristics and life characteristics.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device includes reading a first page of memory cells containing at least one worn-out memory cell therein using a read voltage, from a first memory block, and reading a second page of memory cells, which extends adjacent to the first page in the first memory block, using the read voltage. An operation is performed to determine a match rate between a position of a column including a “0” bit in the first page with a position of a column including a “0” bit in the second page. Thereafter, the second page is read by adjusting a read pass voltage applied to a word line of another page in the first memory block, when the match rate exceeds a threshold match rate.

Abstract: A fluid supply device and a wafer cleaning apparatus using the same are proposed. The fluid supply device is improved to minimize occurrence of particles generated in an operational process in order to reduce contamination of a wafer. The fluid supply device includes a supply tube connected to a supply tank storing a liquid chemical and a supply valve, a drain tube connected to the supply tube by a branch tube and a drain valve, a fluid tank, a provision tube connected to the supply tube via the branch tube to provide the liquid chemical into the fluid tank, a supply valve, a tank drain tube connected to the fluid tank to drain a liquid chemical in the fluid tank, and a tank drain valve, and a controller configured to control opening and closing of each of the valves and supply of the liquid chemical supplying through the supply tube.

Abstract: A chemical liquid supply unit and a substrate processing apparatus including the same are proposed, which is capable of efficiently removing contaminants in a chemical liquid.

Abstract: A counterattack method against a hacked node in a controller area network (CAN) bus physical layer includes: setting node IDs (NIDs), which are different unique IDs, for each of a plurality of nodes connected to a CAN bus line; determining that an error frame is generated when at least one of a node using a forged NID, a node using a different NID, and a node using a non-existent NID is found; increasing counts of a transmit error counter (TEC) and a receive error counter (REC) of a transmitting node and a receiving node whenever the error frame is generated; and allowing a node of which the count of the TEC or REC is greater than a set threshold value to enter a bus-off state to block the node.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate processing unit for processing a substrate by discharging a chemical liquid to the substrate; a chemical storage unit connected to the substrate processing unit by a chemical liquid supply line and a chemical liquid recovery line; and a liquid replenishment unit including an evaporation measurement member for measuring the amount of evaporation of water contained in the chemical liquid, and a water supply member for supplying water to the chemical liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing a film from a substrate by irradiating a plurality of unit pulse laser beams to an edge region of the substrate. The method includes a first irradiation operation for irradiating a plurality of unit pulse laser beams onto the substrate while the substrate is rotating, and a second irradiation operation for irradiating a plurality of unit pulse laser beams to regions of the substrate onto which the unit pulse laser beams are not irradiated in the first irradiation operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of adjusting a concentration of a chemical liquid in a treatment liquid, the method including: treating a substrate by supplying a treatment liquid stored in a main tank from a nozzle in a heated state to the substrate, and recovering the treatment liquid used in the treatment of the substrate to the main tank directly or via still another tank, and then reusing the recovered treatment liquid, a concentration adjustment operation of adjusting a concentration of the treatment liquid in the main tank is performed in a standby time period in which the substrate is not treated with the treatment liquid, and the concentration adjustment operation is performed by discharging the treatment liquid in a heated state from the nozzle to evaporate a part of the diluting solution, and recovering the discharged treatment liquid to the main tank.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for performing liquid treatment for a substrate are provided. The apparatus for treating the substrate includes a treating container having a treatment space inside the treating container, a substrate support unit to support a substrate in the treatment space, and a liquid supply unit to supply treatment liquid to the substrate supported by the substrate support unit. The liquid supply unit includes a nozzle, a supply line to supply the treatment liquid to the nozzle and having a first valve mounted in the supply line, and a discharge line branching from a branch point which is a point downstream of the first valve in the supply line to discharge the treatment liquid from the supply line, and having a second valve mounted in the discharge line. A valve is absent in an area between the branch point and the nozzle, in the supply line.

Abstract: In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for detecting a lane information comprising: obtaining, from a high definition map, first driving lane information corresponding to estimated position information on a vehicle; obtaining second driving lane information from a front view image from the vehicle captured by a camera installed in the vehicle; converting the first driving lane information and the second driving lane information according to an identical coordinate system; and obtaining final driving lane information by combining the converted first driving lane information and the converted second driving lane information.

Abstract: In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of updating a high definition map. The method comprises, acquiring two-dimensional images at a plurality of different locations by using a camera mounted on a vehicle; checking a moving trajectory of the camera for acquiring the two-dimensional images; generating a local landmark map by estimating, based on surface information of a road in the high definition map, a three-dimensional position of a landmark for a lane marking around the moving trajectory of the camera; and updating the high definition map based on the local landmark map.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for cleaning a photo mask. The method includes a pre-treatment operation of wetting a chemical on an entire surface of the photo mask in a state in which the photo mask is stopped, and a cleaning operation of supplying the chemical to a pattern area of the photo mask in a state in which the photo mask is rotated.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a substrate includes a housing having a treatment space therein, a support unit that supports the substrate in the housing, a liquid dispensing unit that dispenses a liquid onto the substrate supported on the support unit, a laser irradiation unit that irradiates a laser to an edge region of the substrate, and a controller that controls the liquid dispensing unit and the laser irradiation unit. The laser irradiation unit includes a plate provided on the liquid so as to be brought into contact with a surface of the liquid dispensed onto the substrate and a laser irradiation member that irradiates the laser to the edge region of the substrate, which is supported on the support unit, through the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for performing liquid treatment for a substrate are provided. The apparatus for treating the substrate includes a treating container having a treatment space inside the treating container, a substrate support unit to support a substrate in the treatment space, and a liquid supply unit to supply treatment liquid to the substrate supported by the substrate support unit. The liquid supply unit includes a nozzle, a supply line to supply the treatment liquid to the nozzle and having a first valve mounted in the supply line, and a discharge line branching from a branch point which is a point downstream of the first valve in the supply line to discharge the treatment liquid from the supply line, and having a second valve mounted in the discharge line. A valve is absent in an area between the branch point and the nozzle, in the supply line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing a film from a substrate by irradiating a plurality of unit pulse laser beams to an edge region of the substrate. The method includes a first irradiation operation for irradiating a plurality of unit pulse laser beams onto the substrate while the substrate is rotating, and a second irradiation operation for irradiating a plurality of unit pulse laser beams to regions of the substrate onto which the unit pulse laser beams are not irradiated in the first irradiation operation.