Abstract: Solutions to control use of back-up batteries of a radio access network in a virtual power plant are disclosed. In the solutions, a virtual power plant manager entity obtains site information on radio access network element sites, at least some of which are usable as additional power capacity providers in the virtual power plant, and energy balancing related information of a power grid using the virtual power plant. The virtual power plant manager entity determines, based at least on the site information and the energy balancing related information, for at least one virtual power plant entity for the virtual power plant, control information relating to the virtual power plant, the control information optimizing virtual power plant utility while maintaining radio network stability, and transmits said control information to the at least one virtual power plant entity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising configuring at least one of: a virtual power plant controller application for operating one or more batteries of one or more base stations as a virtual power plant, the one or more base stations for supporting the virtual power plant controller application, or one or more power systems of the one or more base stations for supporting the virtual power plant controller application.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting one or more requests for charging or discharging batteries of a plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of base stations comprise at least a first group of base stations associated with a first communications service provider, and a second group of base stations associated with a second communications service provider different to the first communications service provider.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting one or more requests for charging or discharging batteries of a plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of base stations comprise at least a first group of base stations associated with a first communications service provider, and a second group of base stations associated with a second communications service provider different to the first communications service provider.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising receiving measurement information associated with cell site auxiliary equipment, wherein the measurement information comprises at least one of the following: status metrics or performance metrics associated with the cell site auxiliary equipment; determining, based at least partly on the measurement information, one or more commands for controlling one or more functions of the cell site auxiliary equipment; and transmitting the one or more commands to the cell site auxiliary equipment, wherein an E2 interface is used for at least one of the following: receiving at least a part of the measurement information, or transmitting the one or more commands.

Abstract: Access technology priority lists and related access list identifiers are maintained in a radio access system such that at least one access list identifier is associated with a plurality of access technology priority lists. Behavior of at least one communication device in the radio access system is controlled by selecting one of the access technology selection priority lists based on information (such as load conditions or quality of service class) regarding an access list identifier and the radio access system.

Abstract: Access technology priority lists and related access list identifiers are maintained in a radio access system such that at least one access list identifier is associated with a plurality of access technology priority lists. Behaviour of at least one communication device in the radio access system is controlled by selecting one of the access technology selection priority lists based on information (such as load conditions or quality of service class) regarding an access list identifier and the radio access system.