Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the catalytic conversion of lactic acid and/or ammonium lactate to acrylic acid by contacting a mixture of water and lactic acid and/or ammonium lactate in the vapor phase with aluminum phosphate which has been treated with an aqueous inorganic base.

Abstract: Improved supported, mixed-metal oxide oxidation catalysts are prepared by conditioning a devolatilized catalyst precursor with an alcohol prior to calacining the precursor to a finished catalyst. For example, a promoted bismuth phosphomolybdate oxidation catalyst useful for converting propylene to acrolein demonstrates enhanced performance characteristics when the devolatilized catalyst precursor is subjected to boiling ethanol prior to calcining it to a finished catalyst.

Abstract: A process for converting .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids to hydroxy free aliphatic carboxylic acids and aldehydes in the presence of a catalyst of the formula:M.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.xwhereinM is at least one of an element selected from Group IB, VIB, IVA; andM' is at least one of an element selected from Groups IA, IIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIIB, VB.

Abstract: Fly ash is activated by heating a screened magnetic fraction of the ash in a steam atmosphere and then reducing, oxidizing and again reducing the hydrothermally treated fraction. The activated fly ash can be used as a carbon monoxide disproportionating catalyst useful in the production of hydrogen and methane.

Abstract: Disclosed are vanadium-antimony oxide catalysts deposited as an outer layer on certain oxide support compositions. A method of making a microspheroidal fluidizable catalyst of such description is disclosed. The catalysts are useful for the oxidative conversion of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride and have good attrition resistance, as well as good activity for such reactions.

Abstract: Aryl ethers, e.g., cumylmethylether and anisole, are particularly effective additives for improving the octane number of motor fuels. These aryl ethers are especially useful in increasing the octane number of unleaded gasolines.

Abstract: The octane number of unleaded gasoline is improved by the addition of a mixture of etherified phenols obtained from crude shale oil.

Abstract: Cyclohexenyl and alkenyl aromatic compounds, such as cyclohexene and styrene, are prepared by a process comprising contacting a corresponding cyclohexyl or alkyl aromatic carboxylic acid, such as cyclohexyl carboxylic acid or 2-phenyl propionic acid, with a decarboxylation catalyst of the formulaM.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.xwherem is copper or a combination of copper and molybdenum, andM' is at least one promoter element, such as a Group IA element.

Abstract: Mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene and analogs, are converted by hydroalkylation to the corresponding cycloalkyl aromatics by contacting the mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a rare earth-exchanged Y-type zeolite support carrying a promoter comprising at least one of ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and palladium, the catalyst being calcined in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature of 250.degree. to 600.degree. C. prior to the hydroalkylation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention is a catalyst composition consisting of oxides or oxide complexes that contains catalytically significant amounts of uranium or thorium plus, tungsten, vanadium and molybdenum plus optionally one or more of Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mg, Mn, Bi, Ti, Zr, Sn, P, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, lanthanum or an element of the lanthanoid series. These catalysts are especially useful for producing acrylic acid from acrolein and for producing methacrylic acid from methacrolein.

Abstract: A fixed-bed catalytic material comprises iron impregnated Alundum carrying a coating of copper oxide on its outside surfaces. By means of the coating, the growth of carbon fibers as a result of the disproportionation of carbon monoxide is restricted to the interior surfaces of the catalyst particles.

Abstract: Catalysts particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3 butadiene and mixtures thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce maleic anhydride are provided which comprise an essentially inert, at least partially porous support to which is adhered on its outer surface, catalytically active mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus or of vanadium, phosphorus and uranium in an amount greater than 50% to about 80% by weight of the combined support and active oxide.

Abstract: Cyclohexenyl and alkenyl aromatic compounds, such as cyclohexene and styrene, are prepared by a process comprising contacting a corresponding cyclohexyl or alkyl aromatic carboxylic acid, such as cyclohexyl carboxylic acid or 2-phenyl propionic acid, with a decarboxylation catalyst of the formulaM.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.xwhereM is copper or a combination of copper and molybdenum, andM' is at least one promoter element, such as a Group IA element.

Abstract: Catalysts particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3 butadiene and mixtures thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce maleic anhydride are provided which comprise an essentially inert, at least partially porous support to which is adhered on its outer surface, catalytically active mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus or of vanadium, phosphorus and uranium in an amount greater than 50% to about 80% by weight of the combined support and active oxide.

Abstract: 1,1-diphenylethane or 1,1-diphenylethylene is oxidized to benzophenone by contacting the 1,1-diphenylethane or 1,1-diphenylethylene and oxygen with an antimonate catalyst.

Abstract: Hydroperoxidizable hydrocarbons are hydroperoxidized by contacting them at hydroperoxidation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a polymer containing maleimide linkages. For example, cumyl hydroperoxide can be produced by contacting cumene and oxygen with a catalyst comprising polymaleimide.

Abstract: Hydroperoxides, such as cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide, are manufactured by the oxidation of aryl compounds, such as cyclohexylbenzene, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 primary amines and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g., benzene and analogs thereof, are converted by alkylation to the corresponding alkyl aromatics by contacting the mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent in the presence of a coated zeolite catalyst. This coated catalyst consists of an essentially inert base support having a strongly adherent outer coating containing an active catalytic zeolite material.

Abstract: Hydroperoxides are catalytically decomposed using a novel metal complex of the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a positively charged metal or metal compound;Z is S, O, P, S--P, or S--S;L is C, P, or N; andA is selected from the group consisting of halogens; hydrogen; N--R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-30 alkyls and 4 to 8 membered aryls optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1-20 alkyls and C.sub.1-20 alkoxys; and hydrocarbon groups containing up to 30 carbon atoms optionally substituted with halogen atoms, C.sub.1-12 hydroxy groups, C.sub.1-12 acid groups, C.sub.1-12 aldehyde groups, C.sub.1-12 ketone groups, and C.sub.1-10 nitrile groups; andwhereinn is 1 or 2; andb is 1, 2 or 3.These catalysts are especially effective in decomposing either cumene hydroperoxide or cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide to phenol.

Abstract: Hydroperoxides are catalytically decomposed using a novel metal complex of the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a positively charged metal or metal compound;Z is S, O, P, S-P, or S-S;L is C, P, or N; andA is selected from the group consisting of halogens; hydrogen; N-R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-30 alkyls and 4 to 8 membered aryls optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1-20 alkyls and C.sub.1-20 alkoxys; and hydrocarbon groups containing up to 30 carbon atoms optionally substituted with halogen atoms, C.sub.1-12 hydroxy groups, C.sub.1-12 acid groups, C.sub.1-12 aldehyde groups, C.sub.1-12 ketone groups, and C.sub.1-10 nitrile groups; andwhereinn is 1 or 2; andb is 1, 2 or 3.These catalysts are especially effective in decomposing either cumene hydroperoxide or cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide to phenol.