Abstract: In a distribution network with having various points, such as a manufacturer, distributors and points of sale, local databases are provided at least at some of the points. When an article arrives at such a point, a record describing it is transferred from a central database to the local database. When the article leaves the point, the record is transferred back to the central database. In other words, while the article is at a given point, the record remains available for access and modification at the local database, which obviates the need to consult the central database each time the record is to be accessed.

Abstract: A system for verifying ownership of articles is based on attributing a unique article number, an ownership certificate and a geographical area to each article. The ownership certificate carries an individual certification number different from the article number. A central computer with a database contains a list of the geographical area, article number and certification number of each article. The system can be queried by entering the article and certification numbers as well as the geographical location of the enquirer. The geographical location can be retrieved automatically from the technical information accompanying the enquirer's phone call. The system then indicates if the two numbers match or if the do not match. It also checks if the enquirer is located within the geographical area of the article and issues an alert if this is not the case.