Abstract: An electrolyte system for lithium batteries with enhanced safety. The system contains at least one conductive salt containing lithium and at least one electrolyte liquid. The electrolyte liquid contains an effective amount of a partially fluorinated compound derived from a diol corresponding to the formula (I): R1CO—O—[CHR3(CH2)m—O]n—R2  (I) in which R1 is a (C1-C8)-alkyl or (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl group, and each R1 group is partially fluorinated or perfluorinated so that at least one hydrogen atom of the group is replaced by fluorine; R2 is a (C1-C8)-alkylcarbonyl or (C3-C8)-cycloalkylcarbonyl group, and each R2 group may optionally be partially fluorinated or perfluorinated; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a (C1-C8)-alkyl or (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl group; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and n is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Electrolyte systems for lithium batteries with enhanced safety containing at least one lithium-containing conductive salt and at least one electrolyte liquid, in which the electrolyte liquid includes an effective amount of at least one partially fluorinated amide of formula (I) R1CO—NR2R3  (I) in which R1 is a linear C1-C6 alkyl group, or a branched C3-C6 alkyl group, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms; or a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted one or more times by a linear C1-C6 alkyl group and/or branched C3-C6 alkyl group, in which one or more hydrogen atoms of are replaced by fluorine atoms; and R2 and R3 independently represent an identical or different linear C1-C6 alkyl group, a branched C3-C6 alkyl group or a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, or R2 and R3 together with the amide nitrogen form a saturated five or six-member nitrogen-containing ring.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for producing esters of 2-fluoro-iso butyric acid in which the corresponding 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester is reacted with hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: Electrolyte systems for lithium batteries with enhanced safety containing at least one lithium-containing conductive salt and at least one electrolyte liquid, in which the electrolyte liquid includes an effective amount of at least one partially fluorinated amide of formula (I)

Abstract: An electrolyte system for lithium batteries with enhanced safety. The system contains at least one conductive salt containing lithium and at least one electrolyte liquid.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I where R1 is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine or methyl, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different from each other, are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, (C1-C4)-alkyl, vinyl, ethynyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy, (C1-C4)-alkoxy-(C1-C4)-alkyl, fluorovinyl or fluoroethyl, or R2 and R3 together with the linking carbon atoms form a benzo ring, and R4 is (C2-C4)-alkyl, (C2-C4)-alkenyl or (C3-C4)-alkinyl, each of which is substituted by at least two fluorine atoms and optionally substituted by C1-4-alkoxy, cyanomethoxy, (C3-C4)-alkenyloxy or (C3-C4)-alkinyloxy, are useful as pesticides, especially against insects, acarids and fungi. The invention includes a novel process for fluorinating certain pyrimidines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluorine-containing compounds by reacting a compound which contains fluorine-exchangeable halogen with a fluoride or a mixture of fluorides with the formula I MeF  (I), in which Me is an alkaline earth metal ion, NH4+-ion or alkali metal ion, in the presence of a compound or a mixture of compounds of the formula (II) in which A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 independently of one another are identical or different and are a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or A1 A2, A3A4, A5A6, and A7A8 independently of one another are identical or different and are connected to one another directly or by way of O or N—A9 to form a ring having 3 to 7 ring members, A9 is an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and B− is a monovalent acid radical or the equivalent of a polyval

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing compound containing fluorine, particularly fluorobenzaldehyde and fluorobenzonitrle, by a halogen exchange reaction with a compound of the formula I as fluorinating agent, defined in the specification, and a quatenary aminophosphonium compound of the formula III as catalyst, as defined in the specification, and in a solvent consisting of a nitro and/or sulfoxy substituted organic compound of the formula IVa and/or IVb, as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Electrolyte systems for lithium batteries of increased safety comprise at least one lithium-containing conducting salt and at least one electrolyte fluid and, according to the invention, are defined by at least one partially fluorinated carbamate of general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another or identical or different, linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 directly or via one or more additional nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms are linked to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring members, and the additional nitrogen atoms present in the ring being substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl and the ring carbon atoms optionally carrying C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, with the option of one or more hydrogen atoms in the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being replaced by fluorine atoms, R.sup.

Abstract: Catalyst for halogen-fluorine exchange reactions on aromatics, consisting essentially of a mixture of one or more compounds of the component a) plus at least one compound of the components b), c) and/or d), whereina) is an amidophosphonium salt of the formula (I) ##STR1## where A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, A.sup.5, A.sup.6, A.sup.7, A.sup.8 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or A.sup.1 A.sup.2, A.sup.3 A.sup.4, A.sup.5 A.sup.6, A.sup.7 A.sup.8 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are in each case connected to one another either directly or via O or N--A.sup.9 to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms, A.sup.9 is an alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and B.sup..crclbar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel stabilized phosphorous ylides and processes for their preparation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for substituting the carbonyl oxygen of 2-formyl- or 2-oxoalkylidenetriphenyl-phosphoranes (OATP) by other stabilizing groups to form novel compounds having an increased tendency to form complexes or compounds which absorb in the visible region of the spectrum.The compounds according to the present invention areCompounds of the formula (1)Ph.sub.3 .dbd.CH--C(R).dbd.Nu (1)wherein R is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -fluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkyl radical, an unfluorinated or fluorinated C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl radical or a group OCH.sub.3 ; andNu is S, Se, C(CN).sub.2, NH, PhN, PhNHN, ##STR1## or a radical of the formulae (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) ##STR2## wherein Z is C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, S or N(CH.sub.3) and n=1 or 2 (provided that the combinations R.dbd.Ar, SAlk or OAlk and Nu.dbd.NPh, and the combinations R.dbd.

Abstract: Cyclohexylamino and cycloalkoxy nitrogen heterocycles, processes for their preparation, and their use as pesticides and fungicides.The invention relates to compounds of the formulaAr--X-E-Qin which Ar is substituted or unsubstituted 4-pyridyl or 4-pyrimidinyl; X is NH, O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; E is a bond or alkanediyl; and Q is a substituted cycloalkyl or 4-piperidyl.The invention also relates to processes and intermediates for their preparation, to compositions comprising them and to their use as pesticides and fungicide.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (1)Ph.sub.3 .dbd.CH--C(R).dbd.Nu (1)wherein R is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -fluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkyl radical, an unfluorinated or fluorinated C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl radical or a group OCH.sub.3 ; andNu is S, Se, C(CN).sub.2,NH, PhN, PhNHN, ##STR1## or a radical of the formulae (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) ##STR2## wherein Z is C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, S or N(CH.sub.3) and n=1 or 2 (provided that the combinations R.dbd.Ar, SAlk or OAlk and Nu.dbd.NPh, and the combinations R.dbd.H, Alk or aryl and Nu.dbd.S are excluded) are disclosed, as well as methods for making them.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (1) in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in the specification, which includes reacting alcohols or carboxylic acids of the formula (2) in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in the specification, with a fluorinating agent of the formula (3) as defined in the specification.

Abstract: It is known to prepare fluorinated aromatic compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X, Y and Z can have the meaning specified in the description, by reacting aromatic compounds of the formula II ##STR2## in which X, Y and Z have the meaning specified for formula I, with fluorine in a reaction medium.According to the invention, the direct fluorination is carried out in a reaction medium containing polyfluoroalkanesulfonic acids of the formula IIICF.sub.n H.sub.3-n (CFY).sub.m --SO.sub.3 H (III)in whichm, n and Y have the meaning specified in the description.By this means, it is possible, particularly advantageously to provide a process, which improves the known processes not only with regard to the selectivity and the yield, but also with respect to the quality of the resulting products of the process in a manner not readily predictable.Fluorinated aromatic compounds of the formula I as intermediates for active compound synthesis.