Abstract: A noise reduction filter for data signals is implemented using two orthogonal coordinates comprising intensity and differential intensity values generated from sampling and sorting the data signals. A weighting function is used to amplify or reduce different portions of a data set distribution generated using the intensity and differential intensity values. The weighting function may also include scalar constants to further enhance the capability of the noise reduction filter. The noise reduction filter can be used to reduce the noise components or increase the useful signal components of a noisy data signal, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, and also increasing spectral resolution. The noise reduction filter can also be used in special cases where the intensity and frequency spectra of the noisy data signal are overlapping. The noise reduction filter may be used in various applications including spectroscopy and image processing, among others.

Abstract: A noise reduction filter for data signals is implemented using two orthogonal coordinates comprising intensity and differential intensity values generated from sampling and sorting the data signals. A weighting function is used to amplify or reduce different portions of a data set distribution generated using the intensity and differential intensity values. The weighting function may also include scalar constants to further enhance the capability of the noise reduction filter. The noise reduction filter can be used to reduce the noise components or increase the useful signal components of a noisy data signal, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, and also increasing spectral resolution. The noise reduction filter can also be used in special cases where the intensity and frequency spectra of the noisy data signal are overlapping. The noise reduction filter may be used in various applications including spectroscopy and image processing, among others.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data corresponding to an unidentified chemical compound. By restricting the generation of candidate formulas to those having repeating units and/or end units with specified limitations, the methods and apparatus may more efficiently iteratively search for a chemical formula having matching mass spectrometry output within a threshold tolerance. In another aspect, methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data based at least in part upon neutral loss.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data corresponding to an unidentified chemical compound. By restricting the generation of candidate formulas to those having repeating units and/or end units with specified limitations, the methods and apparatus may more efficiently iteratively search for a chemical formula having matching mass spectrometry output within a threshold tolerance. In another aspect, methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data based at least in part upon neutral loss.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data corresponding to an unidentified chemical compound. By restricting the generation of candidate formulas to those having repeating units and/or end units with specified limitations, the methods and apparatus may more efficiently iteratively search for a chemical formula having matching mass spectrometry output within a threshold tolerance. In another aspect, methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data based at least in part upon neutral loss.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided that enable the interaction of low energy electrons and positrons with sample ions to facilitate electron capture dissociation (EGO) and positron capture dissociation (PGO), respectively, within multipole ion guide structures.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided that enable the interaction of low-energy electrons and positrons with sample ions to facilitate electron capture dissociation (ECD) and positron capture dissociation (PCD), respectively, within multipole ion guide structures. It has recently been discovered that fragmentation of protonated ions of many biomolecules via ECD often proceeds along fragmentation pathways not accessed by other dissociation methods, leading to molecular structure information not otherwise easily obtainable. However, such analyses have been limited to expensive Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometers; the implementation of ECD within commonly-used multipole ion guide structures is problematic due to the disturbing effects of RF fields within such devices.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided that enable the interaction of low energy electrons and positrons with sample ions to facilitate electron capture dissociation (EGO) and positron capture dissociation (PGO), respectively, within multipole ion guide structures. The apparatus and methods described herein allow EGO (and PCO) to be performed within multipole ion guides, either alone, or in combination with conventional ion fragmentation methods.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data corresponding to an unidentified chemical compound. By restricting the generation of candidate formulas to those having repeating units and/or end units with specified limitations, the methods and apparatus may more efficiently iteratively search for a chemical formula having matching mass spectrometry output within a threshold tolerance. In another aspect, methods and apparatus are provided for the identification of one or more candidate chemical formulas from mass spectrometry data based at least in part upon neutral loss.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided that enable the interaction of low-energy electrons and positrons with sample ions to facilitate electron capture dissociation (ECD) and positron capture dissociation (PCD), respectively, within multipole ion guide structures. It has recently been discovered that fragmentation of protonated ions of many biomolecules via ECD often proceeds along fragmentation pathways not accessed by other dissociation methods, leading to molecular structure information not otherwise easily obtainable. However, such analyses have been limited to expensive Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometers; the implementation of ECD within commonly-used multipole ion guide structures is problematic due to the disturbing effects of RF fields within such devices.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided that enable the interaction of low-energy electrons and positrons with sample ions to facilitate electron capture dissociation (ECD) and positron capture dissociation (PCD), respectively, within multipole ion guide structures. It has recently been discovered that fragmentation of protonated ions of many biomolecules via ECD often proceeds along fragmentation pathways not accessed by other dissociation methods, leading to molecular structure information not otherwise easily obtainable. However, such analyses have been limited to expensive Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometers; the implementation of ECD within commonly-used multipole ion guide structures is problematic due to the disturbing effects of RF fields within such devices.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided that enable the interaction of low-energy electrons and positrons with sample ions to facilitate electron capture dissociation (ECD) and positron capture dissociation (PCD), respectively, within multipole ion guide structures. It has recently been discovered that fragmentation of protonated ions of many biomolecules via ECD often proceeds along fragmentation pathways not accessed by other dissociation methods, leading to molecular structure information not otherwise easily obtainable. However, such analyses have been limited to expensive Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometers; the implementation of ECD within commonly-used multipole ion guide structures is problematic due to the disturbing effects of RF fields within such devices.