Abstract: A multifunctional device for measuring fluorescence, luminescence and light transmission for diagnostics. A sample carrier is designed in the form of a biochip, cell, pan or microplate. The device comprises a first and second group of screens mounted behind the rear surface of a sample solid carrier. Light sources of the sample are provided with light-absorbing elements for suppressing light reflected from the front surface of the sample carrier and from screen surfaces. Screen holders allow for alternatively mounting light reflective/retroreflective screens to maximize fluorescent or luminescent signal. A diffusing screen measures light transmission through the sample. Light-absorbing screens behind the rear surface of the sample and light-absorbing elements on light sources from the sample's top surface, increase signal-to-noise ratio. Said device permits measuring signals on biochip surfaces and in solutions during hybridization or amplification reactions.

Abstract: The method of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotic or porkaryotic cell-free systems based on a modified verion of synthesis in the continuous flow or continuous exchange modes when, in addition to input into the reaction mixture of components maintaining the synthesis and removal from the reaction mixture of low molecular weight components inhibiting the synthesis, the concentration of at least one of the components selected from the group consisting of Mg2+, K+, NTP, polyamines or their combinations determining the productivity of the synthesis is continuously changed within the given range of concentrations, while the concentrations of the other components are maintained constant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesis of polypeptides in a cell-free system. In this method, products of synthesis are separated into a low molecular weight fraction and a high molecular weight fraction, with the high molecular weight fraction containing the target polypeptide. The method calls for the removal of at least a portion of the low molecular weight fraction via a porous barrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesis polypeptides in a cell-free system by which products of synthesis are branched in a low molecular weight fraction and a fraction which contains high molecular weight components with the target polypeptide, the main part of the low molecular weight fraction is removed via at least one part of the second porous barrier, the ratio of the volume of the fractions of feed solution and expendable components to the volume of the fraction containing the target polypeptide is chosen, modes of supply of the feed solution and expendable components of the fraction are realized.