Abstract: Microneedles for analysis of analytes in body fluids may be manufactured from robust materials such as stainless steel by laser cutting at least the basic needle configuration, applying a coating to electrically insulate and/or assure biocompatibility of the needle, and forming electrodes on the needles via lithography or other processes (preferably after treatment of the coated areas at which the electrodes are to be applied). Preferably, the needles have a depression formed therein from which the electrodes extend, and which contains a sensing medium which produces a measurable output in response to the local concentration of the analyte of interest. Thus, when a needle is inserted into the skin such that the depression and its sensing medium encounters body fluids, analyte measurements can be obtained via the electrodes.

Abstract: Microneedles for analysis of analytes in body fluids may be manufactured from robust materials such as stainless steel by laser cutting at least the basic needle configuration, applying a coating to electrically insulate and/or assure biocompatibility of the needle, and forming electrodes on the needles via lithography or other processes (preferably after treatment of the coaled areas at which the electrodes are to be applied). Preferably, the needles have a depression formed therein from which the electrodes extend, and which contains a sensing medium which produces a measurable output in response to the local concentration of the analyte of interest Thus, when a needle is inserted into the skin such that the depression and its sensing medium encounters body fluids, analyte measurements can be obtained via the electrodes.

Abstract: Microneedles for analysis of analytes in body fluids may be manufactured from robust materials such as stainless steel by laser cutting at least the basic needle configuration, applying a coating to electrically insulate and/or assure biocompatibility of the needle, and forming electrodes on the needles via lithography or other processes (preferably after treatment of the coaled areas at which the electrodes are to be applied). Preferably, the needles have a depression formed therein from which the electrodes extend, and which contains a sensing medium which produces a measurable output in response to the local concentration of the analyte of interest Thus, when a needle is inserted into the skin such that the depression and its sensing medium encounters body fluids, analyte measurements can be obtained via the electrodes.