Abstract: An electrically and ionically conductive porous material including a thermoplastic binder and one or more of anion exchange moieties or cation exchange moieties or mixtures thereof and/or one or more of a protein capture resin and an electrically conductive material. The thermoplastic binder immobilizes the moieties with respect to each other but does not substantially coat the moieties and forms the electrically conductive porous material. A wafer of the material and a method of making the material and wafer are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for continuously making an organic ester from a lower alcohol and an organic acid is disclosed. An organic acid or salt is introduced or produced in an electrode ionization (EDI) stack with a plurality of reaction chambers each formed from a porous solid ion exchange resin wafer interleaved between anion exchange membranes or an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane and a bipolar exchange membranes. At least some reaction chambers are esterification chambers and/or bioreactor chambers and/or chambers containing an organic acid or salt. A lower alcohol in the esterification chamber reacts with an anion to form an organic ester and water with at least some of the water splitting with the ions leaving the chamber to drive the reaction.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for reestablishing previously established settings on the controls of an audio mixer having at least one input channel and at least one output channel. The method includes the steps of transmitting a first test signal through the at least one input channel; measuring and recording this first test signal during a first period of time at at least one output channel; transmitting a second test signal, substantially identical to the first test signal, through the at least one input channel during a second period of time; comparing this second test signal at the at least one output during the second period of time with the recorded first test signal; and altering the settings on the controls of the audio mixer in the event that the recorded first test signal is different from the second test signal of the at least one output.