Abstract: A new type of fuel oil with low cost and low viscosity made of heavy oil or residue oil. The fuel oil is low cost, low viscosity and low pollution and includes base oil formed by adding waste plastic disposal oil made through thermal decomposition to heavy oil or residue oil of high viscosity, thereby decreasing the viscosity. The base oil is then provided with water and emulsifier to form water-in-oil emulsion fuel oil. The emulsifier is formed by mixing caustic soda (NaOH) and the calcium chloride (CaCl2) and water. Substantial reduction in generation of pollutants in the exhaust gas is achieved when the fuel oil used in a combustion engine. The fuel oil is especially suitable for large and high power vessel engines.

Abstract: A method of forming particles of capsularized emulsion fuel with high combustion efficiency and low pollutant emission. The method includes the steps of preparing an emulsion fuel oil and disperse phase of water generally uniformly distributed and suspended in the dispersion medium of oil, and spraying the emulsion fuel oil into minute particles so that substantially each of the particles has a core encapsulated by fuel oil. The emulsion fuel oil includes an emulsifying additive solution essentially consisting of NaOH, CaCl.sub.2 and water in a weight ratio ranging from about 10:10:100 to about 50:50:100 and a mixture of water and oil. The mixture of water and oil has an exemplified weight ratio ranging from about 5:95 to about 30:70. In the emulsion fuel oil, an example of a weight ratio of the mixture of oil and water and the emulsifying additive solution ranges from about 1:0.003 to about 1:0.002.

Abstract: A system for producing a water-in-oil emulsion fuel oil of improved combustion efficiency. The production system includes an additive solution tank for producing an emulsifying additive solution by mixing NAOH and CaCl.sub.2 and water and storing the additive solution therein, a water tank for producing mixed water by mixing the emulsifying additive solution from the additive solution tank with water in a weight ratio greater than 1:100, a mixing tank for mixing heavy oil and the mixed water from the water tank having the water and emulsifying additive solution so that the water substantially uniformly distributed and suspended in the dispersion medium of the heavy oil to produce the water-in-oil oil emulsion fuel, and a storage tank for storing the water-in-oil emulsion fuel therein to provides the emulsion fuel to a burning facility.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a tube 11 and fin plates 12 attached to the outer surface of the tube. Each fin plate 12 is in the form of a strip sheet which is wider than the diameter of the tube 11, and each fin plate 12 is fitted on the tube 11 and has a semicylindrical recess 20 in the form corresponding to the cylindrical shape of the tube 11. Flat fins 21 extend from both sides of the semicylindrical recess 20. Cut pieces 22a are formed each by a U-shaped cut 22 at a predetermined pitch in the longitudinal direction of the semicylindrical recess 20, and each cut piece is erected outwardly of the semicylindrical recess to thereby form an upstanding fin 23, which is formed on a first fin plate element 18 as well as a second fin plate element 19. Straight tube portion 15 of the tube 11 is fitted between the semicylindrical recesses 20 of the first fin plate element 18 and the second fin plate element 19. In this way, the tube and the fin plate 12 are secured.

Abstract: An electrically actuated cam follower retracting mechanism is disclosed for facilitating cam selection in a zigzag sewing machine. By means of a rotary solenoid energized in response to the initial movement of a manual cam selector member, the cam followers are automatically retracted from tracking relation with the pattern cams so as not to interfere with cam selection. Provision is disclosed for releasing the needle bar from its drive and for retracting special cam followers. The retracting mechanism is latched into effective position and the solenoid is deenergized when retraction is complete. The latch is released when operation of the sewing machine is resumed after the new selection has been made.

Abstract: A cam selector mechanism for sewing machines in which the followers for a stack of zig zag and work feed controlling pattern cams are positioned selectively by separate spiral linkage controlling grooves formed in a single control dial which can be manipulated from the exterior of the sewing machine in order that composite patterns of ornamental stitches can be obtained. The selector dial also influences a pattern indicating device simultaneously with cam selection.