Abstract: A blast furnace includes: a blast furnace body; raw material charging means for charging raw material into the blast furnace body; hot air blowing means for blowing hot air into the blast furnace body; a drying apparatus etc. for evaporating moisture in low-grade coal; a dry distillation apparatus etc. for carbonizing dried coal; a cooling apparatus etc. for cooling carbonized coal; a pulverization apparatus etc. for pulverizing the carbonized coal cooled by the cooling apparatus; a storage tank for storing powdered coal; a nitrogen gas supply source, a conveyor line and a cyclone separator etc. for conveying the powdered coal pulverized by the pulverization apparatus to the inside of the storage tank by generating a gas flow with the nitrogen gas; and an injection lance etc. for feeding the powdered coal inside the storage tank to hot air that is blown into the blast furnace body.

Abstract: Reformed coal production equipment includes: a combustion furnace (124) for generating heated gas (11); a dry distillation gas supply pipe (101) for supplying dry distillation gas (14) generated at a dry distillation device to the combustion furnace; a vapor generator (125) to which a portion of the heated gas generated at the combustion furnace is supplied and which generates waste heat gas (13) by subjecting the heated gas to heat exchange; and a discharge pipe (52), a waste heat gas delivery pipe (54), a mixed gas delivery pipe (55), a blower (126), a mixed gas supply pipe (56), a mixed gas branching pipe (102), a flow rate adjustment valve (103), and a mixed gas communication pipe (104) supplying, to the dry distillation gas supply pipe, the waste heat gas and low-temperature heated gas (12) formed by indirectly heating dried coal by the heated gas at the dry distillation device (121).

Abstract: Reformed coal production equipment includes: a combustion furnace (124) generating heated gas; dry distillation gas supply pipe (101) supplying dry distillation gas (14) generated at the inner cylinder (122) of a dry distillation device (121) to the combustion furnace; vapor generator (125) to which a portion of the heated gas (11) generated at the combustion furnace is supplied and which generates waste heat gas (13) by subjecting the heated gas to heat exchange; and discharge pipe (52), waste heat gas delivery pipe (53), mixed gas delivery pipe (55), blower (126), mixed gas supply pipe (56), mixed gas branching pipe (102), flow rate adjustment valve (103), and mixed gas allocation pipe (105) which supply and allocate, to the aforementioned inner cylinder, the waste heat gas and low-temperature heated gas (12) generated by indirectly heating dried coal (2) by the heated gas within the outer cylinder (123) of the dry distillation device.

Abstract: A coal deactivation treatment device for deactivating of coal by means of a treatment gas that is a mixture of air and nitrogen gas is provided with, among other things: a treatment column inside of which coal flows from the top to the bottom; treatment gas feed means, and the like, for feeding treatment gas to the inside of the treatment column; humidifying heaters for heating and humidifying the treatment gas such that the treatment gas fed to the inside of the treatment column can maintain a relative humidity of 35% or greater, even at 95° C.; a temperature sensor and a control device for adjusting the temperature inside the treatment column such that the inside of the treatment column is maintained at a relative humidity of 35% or greater and a temperature of 95° C. or lower.

Abstract: A method for deactivating coal, in which coal is deactivated with a treatment gas containing oxygen, wherein a deactivation step for deactivating the coal in a temperature range 45-70° C. is carried out.

Abstract: A coal reforming system includes a drying furnace for drying low-grade coal, a carbonizing furnace for carbonizing the dried low-grade coal, hot air generating furnaces for supplying hot air to the drying furnace or the carbonizing furnace, and a carbonizing gas circulation line for supplying a carbonizing gas, which is generated in the carbonizing furnace, as a fuel for the hot air generating furnaces while the temperature thereof is maintained.

Abstract: In a method for gas treatment of coal wherein coal (1, 2) is loaded on a moving mesh conveyor (111, 112) having a quadrilateral mesh and heated gas (11, 12) is circulated from above and below so as to bring the heated gas (11, 12) into contact with the coal (1, 2) via the mesh of the mesh conveyor (111, 112), two layers of coal for lower level stacking (1A, 2A) having a diameter (Dl) that is greater than twice the length (Lss) of the short side of the mesh of the mesh conveyor (111, 112) are loaded on the mesh of the mesh conveyor (111, 112) and coal for upper level stacking (1B, 2B) having a diameter (Du) that is twice said length (Lss) or less is loaded on the coal for lower level stacking (1A, 2A).

Abstract: A coal reforming apparatus includes: a dryer body provided to dry low-quality coal; a pyrolysis body which pyrolyzes the dried coal thus dried; and a briquetter which compression-molds the pyrolyzed coal thus pyrolyzed. The coal reforming apparatus has a radical scavenger supplier which supplies drying gas with a radical scavenger so that the low-quality coal can be dried in an atmosphere containing the radical scavenger, the drying gas being supplied from a drying gas supply source and heated by a heater, the radical scavenger being formed of an organic compound having a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: The coal deactivation apparatus including: a separating device that separates out a portion of the beneficiated coal deactivated in the main treatment apparatus; a main evaluation apparatus into which the sample of the beneficiated coal separated out by the separating apparatus is supplied; a blower and heater that supply air at the evaluation temperature to the main evaluation apparatus; a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the air that has heat-treated the sample in the main evaluation apparatus; and a control unit that, when the temperature of the air is at or below the lower limit on the basis of information from the temperature sensor, determines whether or not the temperature of the process gas is at or below the lower limit and if the process gas temperature exceeds the lower limit, controls the heater to reduce the temperature of the process gas by a prescribed value.

Abstract: A coal reforming system of the present invention includes a drying furnace for drying low-grade coal, a carbonizing furnace for carbonizing the dried low-grade coal, hot air generating furnaces for supplying hot air to the drying furnace or the carbonizing furnace, and a carbonizing gas circulation line for supplying a carbonizing gas, which is generated in the carbonizing furnace, as a fuel for the hot air generating furnaces while the temperature thereof is maintained.

Abstract: A coal reforming apparatus includes: a dryer body and the like provided to dry low-quality coal; a pyrolysis body which pyrolyzes the dried coal thus dried, and the like; and a briquetter which compression-molds the pyrolyzed coal thus pyrolyzed, and the like. The coal reforming apparatus has a radical scavenger supplier which supplies drying gas with a radical scavenger so that the low-quality coal can be dried in an atmosphere containing the radical scavenger, the drying gas being supplied from a drying gas supply source and heated by a heater, the radical scavenger being formed of an organic compound having a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A coal reforming plant includes: a drying combustor for generating drying combustion gas; a dryer for drying low-grade coal introduced into an inside thereof with the combustion gas from the drying combustor being supplied to the inside thereof; a pyrolysis combustor for generating pyrolysis combustion gas; a pyrolyzer for pyrolyzing dried coal with the combustion gas from the pyrolysis combustor being supplied to an inside thereof; a circulating blower for supplying part of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil in gaseous form generated in the pyrolyzer to the pyrolysis combustor; a cooling tower and the like for cooling the other part of the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis oil in gaseous form generated in the pyrolyzer, and thus separating the other part into the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis oil in liquid form; a circulating blower for supplying the pyrolysis gas separated from the pyrolysis oil in the cooling tower to the drying combustor; and the like.

Abstract: A biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus includes, a biomass feeder (31) that feeds biomass material (11) under normal pressure to under increased pressure, a hydrothermal decomposition device (41A) that allows the fed biomass material (11) to be gradually moved inside a gradient device main body (42) from a lower end thereof with a conveyor screw (43), and also allows hot compressed water (15) to be fed from an other end of a feed section (31) for the biomass material into the main body (42), so as to cause the biomass material (11) and the hot compressed water (15) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that transfers a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the biomass material (11); and a biomass discharger (51) that discharges, from the upper end of the device main body (42), a biomass solid residue (17) under increased pressure to an un

Abstract: A fuel cell power generation system, equipped with a fuel reforming device and a fuel cell body, includes valves, pipelines, a condenser, and a pump for feeding a burner exhaust gas (raw gas) discharged from a heating burner of the fuel reforming device into the fuel reforming device, and an inert gas formation device including an oxidizable and reducible oxygen adsorbent, which is disposed in the pipelines, and adsorbs oxygen in the burner exhaust gas to remove oxygen from the burner exhaust gas and form an inert gas. The fuel cell power generation system can reliably remove residual matter, without leaving it within the fuel reforming device, in a simple manner at a low cost and with a compact configuration.

Abstract: A fuel cell power generation system, equipped with a fuel reforming device (60) and a fuel cell body (4), includes valves (30a, 32), pipelines (30b, 31), a condenser (34), a pump (35), etc. for feeding a burner exhaust gas (25) (raw gas) discharged from a heating burner (10) of the fuel reforming device (60) into the fuel reforming device (60), and an inert gas formation device (5A) including an oxidizable and reducible oxygen adsorbent (28), which is disposed in the pipelines (30b, 31), and adsorbs oxygen in the burner exhaust gas (25) to remove oxygen from the burner exhaust gas (25) and form an inert gas (40). The fuel cell power generation system can reliably remove residual matter, without leaving it within the fuel reforming device (60), in a simple manner at a low cost and with a compact configuration.

Abstract: As one of the coal reforming treatment steps constituting a coal reforming process, an oxidation treatment step is carried out on a circular grate. For this purpose, there is used a coal reforming apparatus comprising a circular grate, the circular grate being separated into a plurality of zones which include fixed bed zones and mixing zones for fluidizing the coal properly between adjacent fixed bed zones.

Abstract: A stirring apparatus includes a container with a rotary stirring shaft therein. On the opposite sides of the rotary stirring shaft are mounted an upper vertical flat blade and first inclined flat blades opposite to each other. A first vertical flat blade has a sweptback blade associated therewith, and is mounted to the stirring shaft at a position under the first inclined flat blades, and a second inclined flat blade or blades and a second vertical flat blade having an associated sweptback blade are mounted to the stirring shaft at a position under the upper vertical flat blade. When the stirring shaft rotates, ascending flows of liquid to be processed along the inner wall within a vessel are generated by the upper vertical flat blade and the first and second vertical flat blades that are each associated with a sweptback blade. Descending flows of the liquid to be processed are generated by the inclined flat blades, thereby enhancing the mixing performance.

Abstract: In order to improve mixing efficiency of highly viscous fluid, while structural simplicity being maintained, two types of stirring impellers are employed in a single stirring apparatus. One of such stirring impellers is a large flat impeller and the other is a slanted or screw-shaped impeller to cause an up-and-down flow. This principle is further utilized in a stirring tower type polymerization reaction apparatus which has an array of mixing areas, each of which corresponds to the stirring apparatus above, and partitions between the mixing areas. The partitions are disposed so that the temperature of reaction can be controlled easily. Undesirable effects such as "dead space", space in which flow is insufficient, and the attachment of gelled material to the rotational shaft can be avoided while rather obvious, but no less important, advantages of efficient and uniform mixing, etc., are secured.

Abstract: A method for continuously measuring the concentration of CaCO.sub.3 and/or CaSO.sub.3 in slurries comprising CaCO.sub.3 and/or CaSO.sub.3 is described. The method comprises continuouly sampling a given amount of the slurry, feeding the slurry into an agitated continuous reactor container which is isolated from the outside air and in which the slurry is kept at a temperature not lower than 70.degree. C., adding sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to the slurry to make the pH below 3, blowing air or nitrogen gas into the slurry in the reactor container, withdrawing from the container CO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.2 produced by reaction of CaCO.sub.3 and/or CaSO.sub.3 with the acid by entrainment with the air or nitrogen gas, and calculating the concentration of CaCO.sub.3 and/or CaSO.sub.3 from the concentration of CO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.2 in the withdrawn gas, the flow rate of the sampled slurry and the flow rate of the blown air or nitrogen gas.

Abstract: In treating exhaust gases containing SO.sub.2, HCl and HF, there is disclosed a method of treating such exhaust gas which comprises detecting the amounts of HCl and HF in the exhaust gas and supplying an amount of a magnesium compound commensurate with a stoichiometric amount to become at least MgCl.sub.2 and MgF.sub.2 in an exhaust-gas treating tower and a calcium compound as a SO.sub.2 solvent into the exhaust-gas treating tower.The aforesaid method of treating an exhaust gas comprises a method of causing Mn ion to coexist in an absorbing solution in contact with the exhaust gas.