Abstract: A transmission line parameter estimation apparatus includes: a storage unit configured to stores in advance a non-linear phase rotation amount distribution obtained by using time waveform data acquired from a receiver, of a first transmission line, and a non-linear phase rotation amount of a second transmission line different from the first transmission line; and a controller configured to refer to data in the storage unit, and obtains a non-linear constant of each span of the second transmission line based on a distribution of the non-linear phase rotation amount.

Abstract: A characteristics estimation device estimates characteristics of an optical fiber transmission line in an optical transmission system in which an optical signal is transmitted from first node to second node via the optical fiber transmission line. The characteristics estimation device includes a processor. The processor generates, based on electric field information indicating an electric field of the optical signal received by the second node via the optical fiber transmission line, a power profile indicating a relationship between power of the optical signal and dispersion amount corresponding to a transmission distance from the first node or the second node. The processor detects a span forming the optical fiber transmission line by using the power profile. The processor calculates, for the detected span, a dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber transmission line by dividing the dispersion amount estimated based on the power profile by a corresponding span length.

Abstract: An optical network device includes a receiver that receives a polarization multiplexed optical signal and a processor. The processor separates an electric field information signal indicating the polarization multiplexed optical signal into first and second polarization components orthogonal to each other, generates third and fourth polarization components by controlling the first and second polarization components, calculates an evaluation value corresponding to a power of the third or fourth polarization component for each of a plurality of positions on a transmission line, calculates a variation in the evaluation value for a control amount for each of the plurality of positions, and decides whether a first position is a position to be detected based on a result of comparing a variation in an evaluation value for the first position with a variation in an evaluation value for a second position adjacent to the first position.

Abstract: A communication device includes: a counter, a pseudo-random number generator, a symbol generator, a modulator, and a controller. The counter counts symbols transmitted to a correspondent device. The pseudo-random number generator generates a pseudo-random number corresponding to a count value of the counter. The symbol generator generates a transmission symbol from a transmission signal and the pseudo-random number. The modulator generates a modulated signal from the transmission symbol. When a disruption of a communication with the correspondent device is detected, the controller selects, from among a plurality of restoring times determined in advance, a restoring time for resuming the communication, and gives the counter a count value assigned in advance to the selected restoring time. The counter resumes a counting operation from the count value given from the controller when the communication device resumes a communication with the correspondent device.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes: a modulator, square law detector, and a processor. The modulator generates an optical signal indicating transmission data. The square law detector detects an intensity of the optical signal using a photodetector and output first intensity data indicating the detected intensity. The processor calculates, based on the transmission data, an electric field of the optical signal generated by the modulator by using parameters pertaining to a state of the modulator. The processor calculates second intensity data indicating the intensity of the optical signal based on the calculated electric field. The processor updates the parameters so as to reduce a difference between the first intensity data and the second intensity data. The processor controls the state of the modulator based on the parameters.

Abstract: An optical network device includes a receiver that receives a polarization multiplexed optical signal and a processor. The processor separates an electric field information signal indicating the polarization multiplexed optical signal into first and second polarization components orthogonal to each other, generates third and fourth polarization components by controlling the first and second polarization components, calculates an evaluation value corresponding to a power of the third or fourth polarization component for each of a plurality of positions on a transmission line, calculates a variation in the evaluation value for a control amount for each of the plurality of positions, and decides whether a first position is a position to be detected based on a result of comparing a variation in an evaluation value for the first position with a variation in an evaluation value for a second position adjacent to the first position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a forming apparatus that forms a composition on a substrate using a mold including a contact region to be brought into contact with the composition, comprising: a deformation unit configured to deform the contact region; and a controller configured to perform, for each of a first shot region and a second shot region on the substrate, a process of bringing the contact region and the composition on the substrate into contact with each other while controlling the deformation of the contact region, wherein an area where the mold faces the substrate during the process is different between the first and second shot regions, and wherein the controller is configured to change, between the first and second shot regions, a process condition for bringing the contact region and the composition into contact with each other.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes: a modulator, square law detector, and a processor. The modulator generates an optical signal indicating transmission data. The square law detector detects an intensity of the optical signal using a photodetector and output first intensity data indicating the detected intensity. The processor calculates, based on the transmission data, an electric field of the optical signal generated by the modulator by using parameters pertaining to a state of the modulator. The processor calculates second intensity data indicating the intensity of the optical signal based on the calculated electric field. The processor updates the parameters so as to reduce a difference between the first intensity data and the second intensity data. The processor controls the state of the modulator based on the parameters.

Abstract: A communication device includes: a counter, a pseudo-random number generator, a symbol generator, a modulator, and a controller. The counter counts symbols transmitted to a correspondent device. The pseudo-random number generator generates a pseudo-random number corresponding to a count value of the counter. The symbol generator generates a transmission symbol from a transmission signal and the pseudo-random number. The modulator generates a modulated signal from the transmission symbol. When a disruption of a communication with the correspondent device is detected, the controller selects, from among a plurality of restoring times determined in advance, a restoring time for resuming the communication, and gives the counter a count value assigned in advance to the selected restoring time. The counter resumes a counting operation from the count value given from the controller when the communication device resumes a communication with the correspondent device.

Abstract: A communication device includes: a counter, a pseudo-random number generator, a symbol generator, a modulator, and a controller. The counter counts symbols transmitted to a correspondent device. The pseudo-random number generator generates a pseudo-random number corresponding to a count value of the counter. The symbol generator generates a transmission symbol from a transmission signal and the pseudo-random number. The modulator generates a modulated signal from the transmission symbol. When a disruption of a communication with the correspondent device is detected, the controller selects, from among a plurality of restoring times determined in advance, a restoring time for resuming the communication, and gives the counter a count value assigned in advance to the selected restoring time. The counter resumes a counting operation from the count value given from the controller when the communication device resumes a communication with the correspondent device.

Abstract: An imprint apparatus comprises a mold holder configured to move while holding the mold, and a substrate holder including a plurality of suction regions for chucking the substrate and configured to move while holding the substrate. When performing the mold separation, among the plurality of suction regions, a suction force of a suction region at a position where the mold is to be separated from the imprint material is made weaker than a suction force of a suction region on a peripheral side of the substrate than the position where the mold is to be separated, and the mold holder is tilted after at least one of the mold holder and the substrate holder is moved by a predetermined amount so as to widen a gap between the mold and the substrate.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a processor configured to compensate an electric field signal generated from an optical signal alternately for a chromatic dispersion and a nonlinear distortion in the optical signal in each of virtual sections of a transmission line, evaluate a quality of a compensated electric field signal, select the virtual sections sequentially, set a first compensation quantity of the chromatic dispersion according to a length of each of the virtual sections, search for a third compensation quantity of the nonlinear distortion for a selected virtual section when the quality satisfies a predetermined condition under an assumption that no nonlinear distortion is produced in other virtual sections, search for a second compensation quantity of the nonlinear distortion by setting an initial value of the second compensation quantity to the third compensation quantity, and monitor a power distribution of the optical signal based on the first and second compensation quantities.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a processor configured to compensate an electric field signal generated from an optical signal alternately for a chromatic dispersion and a nonlinear distortion in the optical signal in each of virtual sections of a transmission line, evaluate a quality of a compensated electric field signal, select the virtual sections sequentially, set a first compensation quantity of the chromatic dispersion according to a length of each of the virtual sections, search for a third compensation quantity of the nonlinear distortion for a selected virtual section when the quality satisfies a predetermined condition under an assumption that no nonlinear distortion is produced in other virtual sections, search for a second compensation quantity of the nonlinear distortion by setting an initial value of the second compensation quantity to the third compensation quantity, and monitor a power distribution of the optical signal based on the first and second compensation quantities.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus, includes, a light source configured to output a plurality of light beams having different wavelengths to an optical fiber, a receiver configured to receive, from the optical fiber, a reflected light beam corresponding to each of the wavelengths of the plurality of light beams, and a signal processing circuit configured to estimate a polarization fluctuation portion based on a polarization state of the received reflected light beam corresponding to each of the plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract: An optical network device receives an optical signal, to which polarization information is added, from a transmitter via a transmission line. The receiver generates electric-field-information signal of the optical signal. The processor acquires, for respective polarization rotation amounts, the electric-field-information signal during a period specified by the polarization information. The processor calculates, for respective polarization rotation amounts and based on the electric-field-information signal, evaluation values corresponding to powers of the optical signal at a plurality of positions on the transmission line. The processor calculates, for respective positions, variations in the evaluation values corresponding to the polarization rotation amounts.

Abstract: An optical network device receives an optical signal, to which polarization information is added, from a transmitter via a transmission line. The receiver generates electric-field-information signal of the optical signal. The processor acquires, for respective polarization rotation amounts, the electric-field-information signal during a period specified by the polarization information. The processor calculates, for respective polarization rotation amounts and based on the electric-field-information signal, evaluation values corresponding to powers of the optical signal at a plurality of positions on the transmission line. The processor calculates, for respective positions, variations in the evaluation values corresponding to the polarization rotation amounts.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes a wavelength variable filter whose transmission light wavelength is variable; a receiver that receives light, the light being sent from another optical transmission apparatus and passing through the wavelength variable filter; a transmitter that sends to the another optical transmission apparatus, a utilization permission request for a second wavelength corresponding to a first wavelength of the light received by the receiver, the transmitter sending the utilization permission request as light of the second wavelength and in a form of a tone signal of a predetermined frequency; and a controller that, when receiving from the another optical transmission apparatus, a utilization permission notification of the second wavelength for a sender of the utilization permission request, configures a wavelength of a main signal to the second wavelength, the main signal being sent from the transmitter to the another optical transmission apparatus.

Abstract: To provide a palladium separating agent capable of separating palladium ions from a solution containing palladium ions of a low concentration to a high concentration in a short time with a high selectivity, and a method for separating palladium. A palladium separating agent having a functional group represented by the formula (1) bonded to a carrier: —Z—(CH2)n-S—R??(1) wherein R is a C1-18 chain hydrocarbon group, a C3-10 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, a carboxymethyl group or a carboxyethyl group, n is an integer of from 1 to 4, and Z is an amide bond.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus, includes, a light source configured to output a plurality of light beams having different wavelengths to an optical fiber, a receiver configured to receive, from the optical fiber, a reflected light beam corresponding to each of the wavelengths of the plurality of light beams, and a signal processing circuit configured to estimate a polarization fluctuation portion based on a polarization state of the received reflected light beam corresponding to each of the plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract: The present invention provides a forming apparatus that forms a composition on a substrate using a mold including a contact region to be brought into contact with the composition, comprising: a deformation unit configured to deform the contact region; and a controller configured to perform, for each of a first shot region and a second shot region on the substrate, a process of bringing the contact region and the composition on the substrate into contact with each other while controlling the deformation of the contact region, wherein an area where the mold faces the substrate during the process is different between the first and second shot regions, and wherein the controller is configured to change, between the first and second shot regions, a process condition for bringing the contact region and the composition into contact with each other.