Abstract: An organic hydride production apparatus includes: an electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity; a cathode that includes a cathode catalyst layer used to hydrogenate a hydrogenation target substance using protons to produce an organic hydride and also includes a cathode chamber; an anode that includes an anode catalyst layer used to oxidize water to produce protons and also includes an anode chamber; and a gas introduction unit that introduces, into the anolyte at a certain position, a certain gas used to remove at least one of the hydrogenation target substance and the organic hydride that have passed through the electrolyte membrane and been mixed into the anolyte.

Abstract: An organic hydride production apparatus includes: an electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity; a cathode, provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane, that contains a cathode catalyst used to hydrogenate a hydrogenation target substance using protons to produce an organic hydride; an anode, provided opposite to the one side of the electrolyte membrane, that contains an anode catalyst used to oxidize water to produce protons; and an anode support, provided opposite to the electrolyte membrane side of the anode, that supports the anode. The anode support is formed of an elastic porous body of which the Young's modulus is greater than 0.1 N/mm2 and less than 43 N/mm2.

Abstract: An organic hydride production apparatus includes: an electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity; a cathode, provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane, that contains a cathode catalyst used to hydrogenate a hydrogenation target substance using protons to produce an organic hydride; an anode, provided opposite to the one side of the electrolyte membrane, that contains an anode catalyst used to oxidize water to produce protons; and an anode support, provided opposite to the electrolyte membrane side of the anode, that supports the anode. The anode support is formed of an elastic porous body of which the Young's modulus is greater than 0.1 N/mm2 and less than 43 N/mm2.

Abstract: An organic hydride production apparatus includes: an electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity; a cathode that includes a cathode catalyst layer used to hydrogenate a hydrogenation target substance using protons to produce an organic hydride and also includes a cathode chamber; an anode that includes an anode catalyst layer used to oxidize water to produce protons and also includes an anode chamber; and a gas introduction unit that introduces, into the anolyte at a certain position, a certain gas used to remove at least one of the hydrogenation target substance and the organic hydride that have passed through the electrolyte membrane and been mixed into the anolyte.

Abstract: An organic hydride production apparatus includes: an electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity; a cathode that includes a cathode catalyst layer used to hydrogenate a hydrogenation target substance using protons to produce an organic hydride and also includes a cathode chamber; an anode that includes an anode catalyst layer used to oxidize water to produce protons and also includes an anode chamber; and a gas introduction unit that introduces, into the anolyte at a certain position, a certain gas used to remove at least one of the hydrogenation target substance and the organic hydride that have passed through the electrolyte membrane and been mixed into the anolyte.

Abstract: The current invention is to provide an oxygen gas diffusion cathode for brine electrolysis which reduces an initial electrolysis voltage and is excellent in the durability against short-circuit, and an electrolytic cell and an electrolytic method using the same. The oxygen gas diffusion cathode for brine electrolysis includes a gas diffusion layer 13 and a reaction layer 14 on one surface of an electro-conductive substrate 12, and an electro-conductive layer 15 on the opposite surface thereof. The present oxygen gas diffusion cathode reduces the resistance of the electro-conductive substrate 12 and supplies uniform current by mounting the electro-conductive layer 15.

Abstract: The current invention is to provide an oxygen gas diffusion cathode for brine electrolysis which reduces an initial electrolysis voltage and is excellent in the durability against short-circuit, and an electrolytic cell and an electrolytic method using the same. The oxygen gas diffusion cathode for brine electrolysis includes a gas diffusion layer 13 and a reaction layer 14 on one surface of an electro-conductive substrate 12, and an electro-conductive layer 15 on the opposite surface thereof. The present oxygen gas diffusion cathode reduces the resistance of the electro-conductive substrate 12 and supplies uniform current by mounting the electro-conductive layer 15.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive diamond electrode structure for use in electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine-containing material with a fluoride ion-containing molten salt electrolytic bath, which comprises: a conductive electrode feeder; and a conductive diamond catalyst carrier comprising a conductive substrate and a conductive diamond film carried on a surface thereof, wherein the conductive diamond catalyst carrier is detachably attached to the conductive electrode feeder at a portion to be immersed in the electrolytic bath. Also disclosed is an electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine-containing material using the conductive diamond electrode structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive diamond electrode structure for use in electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine-containing material with a fluoride ion-containing molten salt electrolytic bath, which comprises: a conductive electrode feeder; and a conductive diamond catalyst carrier comprising a conductive substrate and a conductive diamond film carried on a surface thereof, wherein the conductive diamond catalyst carrier is detachably attached to the conductive electrode feeder at a portion to be immersed in the electrolytic bath. Also disclosed is an electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine-containing material using the conductive diamond electrode structure.

Abstract: A process for copper-plating a wafer which comprises electroplating a semiconductor wafer with an electrode comprising a corrosion-resistant metal substrate and a coat mainly composed of iridium oxide provided on the substrate as an anode and the wafer as a cathode in a solution containing copper ion. The anode is preferably an insoluble electrode comprising a corrosion-resistant metal substrate and a coat mainly composed of iridium oxide and further containing a metal or metal oxide selected from platinum, tantalum, titanium, niobium and oxides of these metals provided on the substrate. A neutral membrane or ion exchange membrane may be interposed between the anode and the cathode as a separating membrane.

Abstract: An electrolytic apparatus which comprises effecting electrolysis of an electrolytic solution in an electrolytic chamber separated from a reaction chamber by a hydrogen-storing metal member with one surface of the hydrogen-storing metal member as a cathode opposing an anode so that hydrogen thus produced is adsorbed by the hydrogen-storing metal member while allowing hydrogen thus adsorbed and a material to be treated to undergo continuous catalytic reaction in the reaction chamber on the other surface of the hydrogen-storing metal member to cause hydrogenation or reduction reaction by hydrogen thus adsorbed, wherein an electrolytic apparatus having a porous catalyst layer provided on the catalytic reaction surface of the hydrogen-storing metal member is used.

Abstract: A method of reducing nitrous oxide which comprises introducing nitrous oxide into a reaction chamber disposed in contact with an electrolytic chamber having an anode and a cathode comprising a hydrogen-absorbing material, the cathode serving as a diaphragm separating the reaction chamber and the electrolytic chamber, and contacting the nitrous oxide with the diaphragm to thereby continuously reduce the nitrous oxide with hydrogen atoms electrolytically generated on the cathode, absorbed by the hydrogen-absorbing material and passing through the diaphragm. The cathode preferably has catalyst comprising a platinum group metal black deposited on the side of the cathode opposite the anode. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell for the reduction of nitrous oxide partitioned with a diaphragm into an electrolytic chamber having an anode and a reduction reaction chamber, the diaphragm comprising a hydrogen-absorbing material, and the side of the diaphragm facing the electrolytic chamber serving as a cathode.

Abstract: An electrode adapted for chromium plating from trivalent chromium baths which comprises a conductive base, an electrode material layer comprising iridium oxide formed thereon, and a porous layer formed on the surface of the electrode material layer. The porous can comprise an oxide containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, and tungsten. Use of this electrode for chromium plating reduces the oxidation of trivalent chromium into hexavalent chromium.

Abstract: A cathode for electrolysis comprising a hydrogen-occluding material for use in an electrolytic cell partitioned by the cathode into two chambers including a reaction chamber and an electrolysis chamber. The cell is arranged so that a reactant is reduced or hydrogenated in the reaction chamber. The cathode comprises an ion exchange membrane or porous membrane. A first layer made of a hydrogen-occluding metallic palladium or a palladium alloy is formed on the reaction chamber side of the membrane. A second layer which is a porous catalyst layer made of a platinum metal black or gold is formed on the first layer. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell using the cathode for electrolysis.

Abstract: An electrolytic process which can operate in a hydrogen reaction chamber at a hydrogen reaction rate corresponding to the increase in the rate of production of hydrogen accompanying the increase in the electrolysis rate and maintain the current efficiency at a very high value with respect to the electrolytic current for producing hydrogen and a process for the production of an electrode for this purpose.

Abstract: An electrolytic process and apparatus which can operate in a hydrogen reaction chamber at a hydrogen reaction rate corresponding to the increase in the rate of production of hydrogen accompanying the increase in the electrolysis rate and maintain the current efficiency at a very high value with respect to the electrolytic current for producing hydrogen and a process for the production of an electrode for this purpose.

Abstract: An electrode for electrolysis comprising an electrode base material and an electrode substance having an electrically conductive diamond structure covering the surface of the electrode base material. The electrode substance having an electrically conductive diamond structure may be a diamond containing an impurity selected from boron, phosphorus and graphite. Alternatively, the electrode substance having an electrically conductive diamond structure may comprise a composite of a diamond and an electrically conductive material. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode further comprises an interlayer comprising at least one of the carbide of a valve metal and silicon carbide disposed between the electrode base material and the electrode substance having an electrically conductive diamond structure. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell having two chambers including an anode chamber and a cathode chamber partitioned by an ion-exchange membrane.