Abstract: A method of preparing a superabsorbent polymer having a rapid absorption rate and an improved water retention capacity by additional heat treatment while using a thermally degradable internal crosslinking agent and an encapsulated foaming agent at the same time during polymerization. A superabsorbent polymer prepared by this method is also provided, the superabsorbent polymer having a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of 40 g/g to 55 g/g, as measured according to EDANA method WSP 241.3, and an absorption rate of 48 sec or less, as measured by a vortex method.

Abstract: A data storage device may include a storage including a plurality of storage regions each composed of a plurality of pages; and a controller. The controller is configured to select a plurality of target open regions from open regions among the storage regions on the basis of health information of the open regions, in each of which a programmed page and an unprogrammed page coexist, and perform control so that refresh operations for the respective target open regions are performed in a time-distributed manner.

Abstract: A display device and method for manufacturing thereof are provided. The display device includes a substrate having a display area and a non-display area, and including an edge, an upper surface having an edge area in which a processing trace remains adjacent to the edge, a bottom surface opposite to the upper surface, a side surface connected to the upper surface and not parallel thereto, and a first inclined surface connected to the side surface and to the bottom surface, a light-emitting element layer above the upper surface of the substrate in the display area, and including light-emitting elements, an encapsulating layer above the light-emitting element layer and corresponding to a portion of the display area and the non-display area, and a protective layer above an outer surface of the substrate, and located on at least one of the bottom surface, the side surface, or the first inclined surface.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, a lateral side meeting the first surface, and an inclined surface between the lateral side and the second surface, a light-emitting element layer above the first surface of the substrate, dams surrounding the light-emitting element layer in plan view, an encapsulating layer covering the light-emitting element layer and the dams, and an organic planarization layer above the encapsulating layer, covering the encapsulating layer and the dams, extending to be adjacent to an edge of the substrate, and having a lateral side that forms an inclination, and that is spaced inwardly from the lateral side of the substrate, wherein a distance between the lateral side of the organic planarization layer and the lateral side of the substrate is less than a planar width of the inclined surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area; a light emitting element layer on the display area on the substrate and including a plurality of light emitting elements; and an encapsulating layer on the light emitting element layer and on a portion of the display area and the non-display area; and wherein the substrate comprises an upper surface on which the light emitting element layer is located, a bottom surface opposite to the upper surface, a side surface connected to the upper surface and not parallel to the upper surface, and a first inclined surface connected to the side surface and the bottom surface and not parallel to the side surface and the bottom surface, wherein an edge area of the upper surface of the substrate adjacent to an edge of the substrate, in which a processing trace remains.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate comprising an upper surface, a bottom surface facing the upper surface, and a through hole penetrating the upper surface and the bottom surface; and a light emitting element layer on the upper surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a side surface that meets the upper surface in the through hole, a first surface that meets the bottom surface, a second surface that meets the side surface, and a third surface between the first surface and the second surface, and wherein the first surface and the second surface are spaced apart from each other with the third surface therebetween, and are inclined surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for diagnosing a defect of a collaborative robot, the method comprising the steps in which: an electronic device generates a sensing data structure for managing sensing data collected from at least one collaborative robot; the electronic device generates an operation data structure for managing operation data associated with the operation of the collaborate robot; the electronic device generates a malfunction data structure for managing malfunction data of a point in which the severity of the operation equals to or is higher than a threshold; and the electronic device stores data collected from the at least one collaborative robot in accordance with the structures. Application to other embodiments is also possible.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display device, which may be fabricated using a described method. The display device includes a glass substrate including a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a side surface between the first surface and the second surface, an outermost structure on the first surface of the glass substrate and located adjacent to an edge of one side of the glass substrate, and a display area including a plurality of light emitting areas on the first surface of the glass substrate and located farther from the edge of the one side of the glass substrate than the outermost structure is. A minimum distance from the side surface of the glass substrate to the outermost structure is equal to 130 ?m or less.

Abstract: A deposition mask for making a display device, the deposition mask includes: a frame including a first opening; a first member disposed above the first opening of the frame and including a first portion surrounding at least one second opening and a second portion disposed in the second opening and physically separated from the first portion; and a second member disposed on the first member and including a first connecting portion connected to the frame and a second mesh portion overlapping the second portion.

Abstract: A display device includes: a pixel component including pixels; a timing controller configured to calculate a load variation between previous input grayscale values corresponding to a previous frame and current input grayscale values corresponding to a current frame; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing through the pixels during the current frame and generate a global current value for the sensed current, store time points at which the global current value becomes equal to preset threshold current values, respectively, and generate a global current variation rate corresponding to a section between the stored time points of the current frame; and a scale factor provider configured to control a scale factor in a period of the current frame in the case where the load variation is equal to or more than a reference load variation.

Abstract: A display device includes: a pixel component including pixels; a timing controller configured to calculate a load variation between previous input grayscale values corresponding to a previous frame and current input grayscale values corresponding to a current frame; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing through the pixels during the current frame and generate a global current value for the sensed current, store time points at which the global current value becomes equal to preset threshold current values, respectively, and generate a global current variation rate corresponding to a section between the stored time points of the current frame; and a scale factor provider configured to control a scale factor in a period of the current frame in the case where the load variation is equal to or more than a reference load variation.

Abstract: A stocker system having an active shelf module capable of accommodating a plurality of carriers and a control method thereof are provided. The stocker system may include a stocker body having at least one accommodation space therein; an active shelf module installed on the stocker body and having at least a portion extended or retracted in a forward and reverse direction; and a controller configured to extend the active shelf module to receive a carrier from the outside of the stocker body and control the active shelf module to accommodate the carrier in the accommodation space inside the stocker body.

Abstract: A memory system and a method of operating the memory system are provided. The memory system may determine, on a determination that the memory system enters thermal throttling mode, a target status read check period based on threshold voltage distribution offset for the target memory die, and set a timer to transmit a status read command for the target memory die to the memory device based on the target status read check period.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a pattern structure; a stack structure including gate and interlayer insulating layers on the pattern structure; and vertical structures penetrating through the stack structure, contacting the pattern structure. The pattern structure includes a lower pattern layer, an intermediate pattern layer, and an upper pattern layer sequentially stacked, the vertical structures including a vertical memory structure penetrating through the upper pattern and intermediate pattern layers and extending into the lower pattern layer, the intermediate pattern layer including a first portion, a second portion extending from the first portion and having a decreased thickness, and a third portion extending from the first portion, having an increased thickness, and contacting the vertical memory structure.

Abstract: A method of providing a mask includes providing a first mask layer facing a second mask layer, in the second mask layer, providing a first opening which corresponds to a deposition opening of the mask, providing an auxiliary layer which faces the first mask layer with the second mask layer therebetween and covers the first opening, in the auxiliary layer, providing a second opening which corresponds to the first opening and exposes the first mask layer to outside the auxiliary layer, in the first mask layer, providing a third opening which corresponds to the first opening and the second opening by using the auxiliary layer as a mask and providing the auxiliary layer separated from the first mask layer and the second mask layer to provide the deposition mask having the first mask layer having the third opening and the second mask layer having the first opening.

Abstract: A method of processing messages executes at a computing device having one or more processors and memory. The memory stores one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors. A first message for a user is analyzed for a structured content element. When found, content from a data source distinct from the message is obtained by executing an associated action. A first message display state is formed for the message comprising a message notification and the content. A messaging application user interface, comprising an electronic message list with a plurality of objects, is updated. Responsive to selection of a first object of the plurality of objects, the first object representing the first message, the user is enabled to toggle the first message display state between first and second display states, the second display state differing from the first by providing direct access to the first message.

Abstract: A deposition mask for making a display device, the deposition mask includes: a frame including a first opening; a first member disposed above the first opening of the frame and including a first portion surrounding at least one second opening and a second portion disposed in the second opening and physically separated from the first portion; and a second member disposed on the first member and including a first connecting portion connected to the frame and a second mesh portion overlapping the second portion.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes a substrate; a pixel electrode on the substrate; a pixel-defining layer having a first opening exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode and a barrier portion defining the first opening; an auxiliary electrode on the barrier portion; an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode; and an opposite electrode on the intermediate layer and in electrical contact with the auxiliary electrode.

Abstract: A method of processing messages executes at a computing device having one or more processors and memory. The memory stores one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors. A first message for a user is analyzed for a structured content element. When found, content from a data source distinct from the message is obtained by executing an associated action. A first message display state is formed for the message comprising a message notification and the content. A messaging application user interface, comprising an electronic message list with a plurality of objects, is updated. Responsive to selection of a first object of the plurality of objects, the first object representing the first message, the user is enabled to toggle the first message display state between first and second display states, the second display state differing from the first by providing direct access to the first message.

Abstract: Provided is a mask which includes a mask body having a plurality of through hole portions and including a polymer film and a plurality of magnetic particles dispersed in the polymer film, and a polymer coating layer disposed on an outer surface of the mask body. Accordingly, the time and cost of manufacturing a mask are reduced and the precision of a deposition process is improved as well, so that the manufacturing yield of a display panel using the mask is improved and a display panel manufactured using the same has improved reliability.