Abstract: A transistor array substrate includes a substrate, an active layer disposed on the substrate and including a channel region, a source region and a drain region, a gate insulating layer disposed on a part of the active layer, a gate electrode overlapping the channel region of the active layer and included in an electrode conductive layer which is disposed on the gate insulating layer, a source electrode included in the electrode conductive layer and in contact with a part of the source region of the active layer, and a drain electrode included in the electrode conductive layer and in contact with a part of the drain region of the active layer. The active layer includes an oxide semiconductor including crystals and is disposed as an island shape excluding a hole in a plan view.

Abstract: A display device includes a data conductive layer including a first power line, a passivation layer with a first opening exposing the first power line, a via layer with a second opening partially overlapping the first opening, a pixel electrode on the via layer, a connection electrode in the first and second openings, a pixel-defining film with an opening overlapping the second opening, a light-emitting layer on the pixel-defining film, the pixel electrode and the connection electrode, and a common electrode connected to the first power line. The data conductive layer includes a data base layer, a data main metal layer, and a data capping layer, the first power line includes a wire connection structure, in which the data main metal layer is recessed from sides of the data capping layer, and the common electrode is connected to the data main metal layer in the wire connection structure.

Abstract: A geometrical error measurement method for a feed drive system includes entering coordinate values of four vertices of a virtual regular tetrahedron, mounting a position indicator to an end of a main shaft of a feed drive system, mounting three center mounts at three respective vertices of the four vertices except for the remaining vertex at which the main shaft is positioned while moving the main shaft of the feed drive system sequentially from one vertex to another according to the entered coordinate values, measuring distances between each of the four vertices indicated by the three center mounts and the position indicator with a double ballbar, and calculating a geometrical error from the measured distances.

Abstract: A geometrical error measurement method for a feed drive system includes entering coordinate values of four vertices of a virtual regular tetrahedron, mounting a position indicator to an end of a main shaft of a feed drive system, mounting three center mounts at three respective vertices of the four vertices except for the remaining vertex at which the main shaft is positioned while moving the main shaft of the feed drive system sequentially from one vertex to another according to the entered coordinate values, measuring distances between each of the four vertices indicated by the three center mounts and the position indicator with a double ballbar, and calculating a geometrical error from the measured distances.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling start-up of a lane keeping assistance system (LKAS) which prevents lane departure of a first vehicle includes a detecting unit configured to detect a second vehicle which is traveling in a neighboring lane, a dividing line interposed between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, and a start-up controlling unit configured to determine a weighting factor based on a detection result of the detecting unit, change parameters which control a time point of the start-up of the LKAS based on the determined weighting factor, and control the time point of the start-up of the LKAS based on the changed parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling start-up of a lane keeping assistance system (LKAS) which prevents lane departure of a first vehicle includes a detecting unit configured to detect a second vehicle which is traveling in a neighboring lane, a dividing line interposed between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, and a start-up controlling unit configured to determine a weighting factor based on a detection result of the detecting unit, change parameters which control a time point of the start-up of the LKAS based on the determined weighting factor, and control the time point of the start-up of the LKAS based on the changed parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating error in a multi-axis controlled machine is applicable to any type of machine configuration in order to estimate and confirm in advance the final position and the posture of the machine, which are produced when geometric errors of the machine are synthesized. The method includes defining the structure of the multi-axis controlled machine subjected to error estimation; and defining parameters, which represent behaviors of drive axes having geometric error and relationships between the drive axes according to the defined structure of the multi-axis controlled machine, adding the defined parameters by applying the parameters to a generalized error synthesis model, and generating an error synthesis model of the multi-axis controlled machine by applying a result of parametric modeling in response to a result of the adding.

Abstract: An error compensation method for multi-axis controlled machines generates an error compensation model for compensating for geometric error of a multi-axis controlled machine by separating an error matrix of a tool tip from an error synthesis model of a multi-axis controlled machine and calculates an error compensation value using the error compensation model and an inverse kinematic model so that the error matrix becomes an identity matrix. The error compensation method can reduce calculation error and calculation time due to complicated numerical analysis and compensate for error in the multi-axis controlled machine, regardless of its configuration.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring a quasi-static error of a rotation driving shaft, a positional error and an angular error in each of X, Y, and Z axis directions during rotation of a driving shaft is measured by means of a single measurement apparatus. In the apparatus, a first splitter, a second splitter, and a reflector spectrally output or reflect a laser beam, which is output from a laser driving device, to a first position sensor and a second position sensor, so that it is possible to obtain every error information on positional errors and angular errors in X, Y, and Z axis directions of a rotation driving shaft through input position change data of the inputted laser beam.

Abstract: An error compensation method for multi-axis controlled machines generates an error compensation model for compensating for geometric error of a multi-axis controlled machine by separating an error matrix of a tool tip from an error synthesis model of a multi-axis controlled machine and calculates an error compensation value using the error compensation model and an inverse kinematic model so that the error matrix becomes an identity matrix. The error compensation method can reduce calculation error and calculation time due to complicated numerical analysis and compensate for error in the multi-axis controlled machine, regardless of its configuration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating error in a multi-axis controlled machine is applicable to any type of machine configuration in order to estimate and confirm in advance the final position and the posture of the machine, which are produced when geometric errors of the machine are synthesized. The method includes defining the structure of the multi-axis controlled machine subjected to error estimation; and defining parameters, which represent behaviors of drive axes having geometric error and relationships between the drive axes according to the defined structure of the multi-axis controlled machine, adding the defined parameters by applying the parameters to a generalized error synthesis model, and generating an error synthesis model of the multi-axis controlled machine by applying a result of parametric modeling in response to a result of the adding.

Abstract: A method of estimating a geometric error between a linear axis and a rotary axis in a multi-axis machine tool is provided, the method including creating a circular path under the control of one or more drive axes and measuring a radial error of the circular path using a ball bar, defining the relationship between position-dependent geometric error parameters and position-independent geometric error parameters and measured data using an error synthesis model and an equation of a ball bar, defining a linear equation with unknown position-independent geometric error parameters by removing higher order terms of the position-dependent geometric error parameters and position-independent geometric error parameters, and obtaining the position-independent geometric error parameters through least squares from the linear equation.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring a quasi-static error of a rotation driving shaft, a positional error and an angular error in each of X, Y, and Z axis directions during rotation of a driving shaft is measured by means of a single measurement apparatus. In the apparatus, a first splitter, a second splitter, and a reflector spectrally output or reflect a laser beam, which is output from a laser driving device, to a first position sensor and a second position sensor, so that it is possible to obtain every error information on positional errors and angular errors in X, Y, and Z axis directions of a rotation driving shaft through input position change data of the inputted laser beam.

Abstract: In a nondestructive testing apparatus for testing normality of a blade root in a steam turbine installed in a nuclear plant or a thermal plant, an ultrasonic probe and an encoder can be mounted at the outside by only removing a casing of the steam turbine, without the necessity of withdrawing a turbine rotor, so that an automatic testing can be performed by rotating the steam turbine. Since the testing result can be digitally stored, reliability of the testing is improved. Furthermore, size of the testing apparatus is highly reduced for a tester to conveniently carry and install the testing apparatus alone. As a result, installation time and the whole testing time can be minimized.

Abstract: In a nondestructive testing apparatus for testing normality of a blade root in a steam turbine installed in a nuclear plant or a thermal plant, an ultrasonic probe and an encoder can be mounted at the outside by only removing a casing of the steam turbine, without the necessity of withdrawing a turbine rotor, so that an automatic testing can be performed by rotating the steam turbine. Since the testing result can be digitally stored, reliability of the testing is improved. Furthermore, size of the testing apparatus is highly reduced for a tester to conveniently carry and install the testing apparatus alone. As a result, installation time and the whole testing time can be minimized.