Abstract: An image sensor includes a sensor region for receiving light and generating an image data and a pad region adjacent to the sensor region, an insulation layer on the substrate, and a lower transparent electrode on the insulation layer in the sensor region, and an etch stop layer on the insulation layer in the sensor region and pad region. The etch stop layer may include silicon nitride. A height of an uppermost surface of the lower transparent electrode may be substantially equal to a height of an upper surface of the etch stop layer, with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided herein are communication schemes for combining 5G communication systems with IoT technology to support higher data transmission rate as post-4G systems and systems for the same. The present disclosure may be used in intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health-care, digital education, retail business, security and safety-related services) based on the 5G communication technology and IoT-related techniques. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for sensing a channel by a base station in a communication system comprises setting a channel sensing interval for sensing a channel available on an unlicensed band, based on a first start time when the base station starts a signal transmission and the set channel sensing interval, setting a second start time when a channel sensing operation starts, and performing the channel sensing operation during the channel sensing interval from the set second start time.

Abstract: A feedback method and apparatus are provided for Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) communication in a communication system. The method includes checking a number of feedback allocations configured by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, determining a number of bits of an aperiodic feedback indicator based on the checked number of feedback allocations, receiving Downlink Control Information (DCI) including the aperiodic feedback indicator, interpreting the aperiodic feedback indicator, based on the determined number of bits of the aperiodic feedback indicator, and performing aperiodic feedback of at least one feedback allocation, based on the aperiodic feedback indicator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a technique for radio link monitoring in a wireless communication system, and to operation procedures of the base station and user equipment and a method for radio link quality evaluation on the basis of the technique. In the method, the user equipment divides the downlink channel bandwidth into multiple frequency ranges, measures channel states for each frequency range, and evaluates the radio link quality based on channel state measurement results. Thereafter, the user equipment sends frequency range quality information to the base station, which may then utilize the same for downlink resource allocation. Hence, it is possible to solve the problem of the existing scheme wherein the user equipment enters the physical layer problem detection state or the radio link failure state although a frequency range usable for service provisioning is present within the downlink channel bandwidth.

Abstract: A vehicular urea pump module includes a structure capable of preventing urea from permeating into electrical elements such as a pump, a heater, and a sensor of the urea pump module; a structure capable of easily defrosting frozen urea; a structure of separating foreign substances; a structure of reducing vibration noise; a structure of enabling the discharge and suction of urea using a single pump; and a structure of increasing the efficiency of assembly for ease of assembly of respective elements.

Abstract: Disclosed are a communication technique for merging, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system, and a system therefor. The disclosed technique and system can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retailing, security and safety related services, and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT related technology.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a technique for radio link monitoring in a wireless communication system, and to operation procedures of the base station and user equipment and a method for radio link quality evaluation on the basis of the technique. In the method, the user equipment divides the downlink channel bandwidth into multiple frequency ranges, measures channel states for each frequency range, and evaluates the radio link quality based on channel state measurement results. Thereafter, the user equipment sends frequency range quality information to the base station, which may then utilize the same for downlink resource allocation. Hence, it is possible to solve the problem of the existing scheme wherein the user equipment enters the physical layer problem detection state or the radio link failure state although a frequency range usable for service provisioning is present within the downlink channel bandwidth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G communication system such as LTE and, more particularly, to a method and a device for controlling transmission power, the method being performed in a base station of a wireless communication system using multiple antennas. The method for controlling transmission power comprises the step of: transmitting a reference signal at a plurality of vertical angles that differ from each other by means of an antenna arrangement; receiving channel state information, which is related to beamforming of a transmission signal, from a terminal which has received the reference signal and measured a channel state; and transmitting the transmission signal to the terminal by means of transmission power which corresponds to the channel state information.

Abstract: A method for reporting channel state information by a terminal in a multiple access based communication system is provided. The method includes determining a most favored direction with a highest signal quality with respect to a reference signal received from a base station and determining, as a reported object, some channel directions including the most favored direction among channel directions formed together with the base station, identifying a channel quality information group including channel quality information corresponding to the some channel directions among channel quality information groups classified according to a distance measured with respect to the most favored direction, and transmitting the identified channel quality information group to the base station.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication technique which combines a 5G (5th Generation) communication system, for supporting a higher data transmission rate following 4G (4th Generation) systems, with IoT (Internet of Things) technology, and to a system for the communication technique. The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security, and safety-related services), based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. The present invention relates to a method and device for receiving broadcast information by means of a terminal in a communication system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for transmitting channel state information (CSI) by a user equipment in a mobile communication system. The method includes receiving a CSI-reference signal (CSI-RS) for measuring a state of a downlink channel and a CSI feedback-related configuration from a base station (BS); determining a channel quality indication (CQI) for at least one transmission point and control information for determining a CQI for multiple transmission points, based on the received CSI-RS and CSI feedback-related configuration; and transmitting the determined CQI for the at least one transmission point and control information to the BS.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a communication technique for merging, with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a 5th-generation (5G) communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4th-generation (4G) system; and a system therefor. The disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retailing, security and safety related services) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT related technology.

Abstract: A fuel cap for a vehicle has a locking structure configured to generate a sound interval, including a head portion having a handle formed at a first side and one or more striking portions installed at a second side, and a body portion integrally assembled with the head portion and having a plurality of sound generators installed at the body portion and disposed in a state of being struck by the one or more striking portions installed at the second side of the head portion according to a rotation of the head portion by a locking torque.

Abstract: A communication method and system for converging a 5th-generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of things (IoT) are provided. The disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to data transmission method and apparatus for transmitting UL grant or ACK/NACK at flexible subframes in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system. The data transmission method of a base station according to the present invention includes configuring subframes irrelevant to Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process as flexible subframes; scheduling uplink transmission at the flexible subframes with uplink grant; receiving uplink data transmitted by a terminal at the flexible subframes as scheduled; and transmitting, when decoding the uplink data fails, HARQ acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) or uplink grant to request retransmission of the uplink data. The data transmission method of the present invention is capable of utilizing flexible subframes for uplink transmission without influencing the uplink HARQ process associated with the downlink subframes configured as flexible subframes.

Abstract: A base station is provided. The base station transmits multiple data in a first subframe, receives response signals corresponding to the multiple data, determines a ratio of negative acknowledge (NACK) signals to the response signals, and adjusts or maintains a contention window based on the determined ratio. The present disclosure relates to communication schemes for combining 5th-generation (5G) communication systems with internet of things (IoT) technology to support higher data transmission rate as post-4th-generation (post-4G) systems and systems for the same. The present disclosure may be used in intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, or connected car, health-care, digital education, retail business, security and safety-related services, etc.) based on the 5G communication technology and IoT-related techniques.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reporting channel status in a cellular radio communication system are disclosed. In a communication system supporting a carrier aggregation of a component carrier to which an FDD scheme is applied and a component carrier to which a TDD scheme is applied, a base station identifies a TDD uplink-downlink configuration of a TDD primary cell, and configures a CSI transmission period of an FDD secondary cell according to the TDD uplink-downlink configuration. A terminal transmits a CSI of the FDD secondary cell in a specific sub-frame of the TDD primary cell according to a CSI configuration period indicated by the base station.

Abstract: A vehicular urea pump module includes a structure capable of preventing urea from permeating into electrical elements such as a pump, a heater, and a sensor of the urea pump module; a structure capable of easily defrosting frozen urea; a structure of separating foreign substances; a structure of reducing vibration noise; a structure of enabling the discharge and suction of urea using a single pump; and a structure of increasing the efficiency of assembly for ease of assembly of respective elements.

Abstract: A 5th Generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rates beyond 4th Generation (4G) communication systems such as long term evolution (LTE) systems. A method for transmitting download control information in a communication system is provided. The method includes configuring the control information indicating at least one control channel element (CCE) including at least one resource element group (REG) unit interleaved based on the interleaving information indicated by a higher layer signaling; and transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), the configured control information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data from a base station to a terminal in a wireless communication system, wherein the method includes the steps of: determining a terminal for transmitting downlink data; when the downlink data is transmitted, confirming the kind of subframe in which the downlink data is transmitted; when the subframe is a normal subframe, transmitting the downlink data on the basis of a cell specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS); and, when the subframe is a multimedia broadcast multicast service signal frequency network (MBSFN) subframe, transmitting the downlink data on the basis of the DMRS.