Abstract: A method for aligning discovery channel intervals of a serving cell and a neighbor cell in a cellular communication system is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining a gateway using lower power are provided. The method includes setting probing transmission power for setting the gateway, transmitting a probing request message to another mobile station existing in a cluster with the set probing transmission power, when a probing response message is received from the other mobile station, generating a probing response list for the mobile station having transmitted the probing response message, determining whether a cluster list for mobile stations existing in the cluster corresponds to the probing response list, and determining a gateway mobile station according to a result of the determination as to whether the cluster list for mobile stations existing in the cluster corresponds to the probing response list.

Abstract: A method and a device for generating a CID for D2D communication are provided. A transmitting device transmits a request for direct communication between the transmitting device and a receiving device on a resource unit of a first resource index determined based upon at least one of a device ID of the transmitting device or of the receiving device during a first period, receives information about at least one used CID being used by at least one surrounding device from the peripheral device during a second period, transmits information including at least one available CID acquired during the second period on a resource unit of a second resource index being identical to the first resource index during a third period, and determines at least one CID to be used for D2D communication between the transmitting device and the receiving device based on the transmitted information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for supporting synchronization of a user equipment (UE) for D2D communication. The method includes: first scanning for checking a synchronization signal transmitted from a nearby UE; establishing the UE as a synchronization-transmitting UE, based on a result of the first scanning; transmitting a synchronization channel including timer value information indicating scanning time at which a scanning starts; and second scanning based on the timer value information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling interference for D2D communication. The method includes: identifying whether a position of a first user device belongs to a first area that satisfies a predetermined criterion; and if the position of the first user device is identified to belong to the first area, determining some resources constituting dedicated resources of the first area, among available resources of a signal for discovering a counterpart user device of D2D communication by the first user device, as resources of the signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is disclosed. In the method, a substrate having a first surface and a second surface is provided. The second surface is opposed to the first surface. A via hole is formed to penetrate the substrate from the first surface toward the second surface. The via hole includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a first sidewall which is substantially perpendicular to the first surface. The second portion has a second sidewall which gradually decreases from the first surface toward the second surface, and has a bottom surface that substantially flat. A seed pattern is formed on the first sidewall of the first portion, the second sidewall of the second portion and the bottom surface of the second portion of the via hole. A first thickness (Vt) of the seed pattern on the first sidewall of the first portion is less than a second thickness (VIt) of the seed pattern on the second sidewall of the second portion.

Abstract: A method for acquiring a service category table required for finding a service includes acquiring information on a latest service category table by identifying version information of a service category table from a broadcasting signal received from adjacent devices during a process of searching for a device supporting a service desired among devices, and acquiring a service category table of a latest version by establishing a session connection with a device supporting the service category table of the latest version based on the information. By acquiring the information on the latest service category table, a session connection with only the device providing the desired service is established so that an optimized session connection establishing process can be performed and a total network capacity can be efficiently managed. Also, the latest service category table can be acquired from the session-connected device, and thus a new service can be easily identified.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for broadcasting data using a frame structure having a plurality of sections in a system performing inter-device direct communication are provided. In the method, whether there is data to broadcast is determined. Broadcast indicate information is exchanged with neighbor devices via a retrieve section for retrieving information about neighbor devices, the broadcast indicate information representing an indication of whether data is broadcast. A data transmission section is divided into a broadcast section and a unicast section. A broadcast signal is received during the broadcast section.

Abstract: A method for wireless charging of an electronic apparatus includes: requesting a server for information regarding chargeable electronic devices; receiving the information regarding chargeable electronic devices from the server; and performing charging with at least one electronic device.

Abstract: A method performed by a device for performing synchronization between devices for a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is provided. The method includes setting, according to a process of the device, the device to a group of devices for performing a dynamic switching; outputting a synchronization signal corresponding to the set group as a signal for setting synchronization in a physical layer; controlling, upon receiving another synchronization signal from another device, the outputting of the synchronization signal by applying a time offset according to a relation between the set group that includes the device and the group that includes the another device; and setting, if the synchronization signal and the another synchronization signal are converged, synchronization of the device based on a time point where the synchronization signal is output.

Abstract: A method for acquiring a service category table required for finding a service includes acquiring information on a latest service category table by identifying version information of a service category table from a broadcasting signal received from adjacent devices during a process of searching for a device supporting a service desired among devices, and acquiring a service category table of a latest version by establishing a session connection with a device supporting the service category table of the latest version based on the information. By acquiring the information on the latest service category table, a session connection with only the device providing the desired service is established so that an optimized session connection establishing process can be performed and a total network capacity can be efficiently managed. Also, the latest service category table can be acquired from the session-connected device, and thus a new service can be easily identified.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting information using a visible light includes at least three light emitting devices, each being installed based on a predetermined interval and direction, and a data transmitting unit to transmit data by controlling the at least three light emitting devices.

Abstract: The need for backup diesel generators in a data center is obviated by using fuel cells to convert a fuel to electrical energy, which provide backup power to equipment in a data center, which may include the servers in the data center and other important systems that normally use utility power. When the utility power fails, the equipment switches to backup power that is provided by fuel cells supplied with fuel (such as natural gas), possibly using a source of temporary power (e.g., a UPS or direct tie-in of batteries) while the fuel cells come online. The fuel may also be used to power a turbine or generator, coupled to a chiller for providing a cooled liquid to a cooling system.

Abstract: A method for allocating resources in Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in a wireless network is provided. The method includes requesting, by a device, resource allocation from an enhanced Node B (eNB) and causing the device to be allocated, from the eNB, a Resource Block (RB) for transmitting one of D2D discovery and communication data and control information. The RB includes information about a location of the resource-allocated time or frequency.

Abstract: A method for controlling a path between terminals in a wireless communication system includes measuring a channel quality of a direct path with the another terminal when receiving a request for measuring the channel quality of the direct path from a higher entity, transmitting a first message comprising a result of the measuring the channel quality to the higher entity, and, when receiving a second message to instruct to switch to the direct path from the higher entity, setting the direct path with the another terminal. another embodiments including a terminal and a network entity are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of providing a multicast service in a mobile communication system includes dividing original multicast data into a plurality of multicast data to generate a plurality of multicast streams having different data rates and transmitting a first transmission frame including the plurality of multicast streams to a plurality of user equipments; receiving a report on a data rate corresponding to an unreceived multicast stream among the plurality of multicast streams from one or more user equipments among the plurality of user equipments; and transmitting a second transmission frame including the unreceived multicast stream to the plurality of user equipments including the one or more user equipments.

Abstract: A method for allocating resources for Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in a transmitting terminal is provided. The method includes receiving broadcast resource allocation information for the D2D communication from a Base Station (BS), and measuring a channel quality of a downlink signal received from the BS and, if the measured channel quality is smaller than a predetermined threshold, conducting the D2D communication using the resource allocation information.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for direct communication between User Equipments (UEs) in a wireless communication system are provided. A method for communicating with a second UE by a first UE in the wireless communication system includes generating a discovery code used for communicating with the second UE, and transmitting the generated discovery code to one middle layer among a plurality of layers.

Abstract: A method for performing discovery at a terminal in a communication system is provided. The method includes generating a discovery request message including discovery target information, transmitting the discovery request message to a Proximity Service (ProSe) server that is located in a core network of the communication system and that manages communication of the terminal, and receiving a result of a discovery operation from another entity that performs the discovery operation of the terminal using discovery identification information about the terminal. The other entity is selected based on the discovery target information by the ProSe server.

Abstract: A mobile terminal in a mobile communication system supporting device to device (D2D) communication, and a method for operating the mobile terminal are provided. The terminal includes a first radio frequency (RF) chain configured to transmit a mobile communication signal and a second RF chain configured to receive a mobile communication signal, for mobile communication with a base station, a switching unit including a plurality of switches configured to establish transmission and reception paths in the first and second RF chains, and a controller configured to control switching of the switching unit to establish transmission and reception paths of a D2D communication signal for D2D communication by combining a part of the first RF chain with a part of the second RF chain. The combination of the parts of the first and second RF chains is different according to a D2D communication frequency band.