Abstract: An information handling system includes a flash device interface and a flash device. The flash device includes a flash controller and a flash array. The flash device interface programs a command register of the flash controller with a first value, and reads a status register of the flash controller. The flash device interface further determines that a usage of the flash device is in accordance with one of a first usage model and a second usage model based upon a value in the first status register. When the usage is in accordance with the first usage mode, the flash device interface retains the first value in the command register. When the usage is in accordance with the second usage model, the flash device interface reprograms the command register with a second value. The command register controls a read threshold count value for reading data from the flash array.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a tobacco material including a natural flavor material and a method of preparing the tobacco material. The tobacco material may have a core-shell structure in which a core includes a natural flavor material and is surrounded by a shell including a tobacco mixture, such that the aerosol generating article including the tobacco material generates a characteristic flavor.

Abstract: One or more embodiments relate to an aerosol generating article including: a first portion including an aerosol generating element; a second portion including a cooling element; a third portion including a tobacco element; and a fourth portion including a filter element, wherein the first through fourth portions are sequentially arranged in a longitudinal direction of the aerosol generating article.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a susceptor configured to heat an aerosol generating article inserted into an accommodation space of the aerosol generating apparatus; an induction coil arranged around the susceptor and configured to heat the susceptor by induction heating; a switching module configured to switch an electrical path of the induction coil; and a controller electrically connected to the switching module and configured to detect insertion of the aerosol generating article on the basis of a change in an inductance of the induction coil by setting a control mode for the induction coil to a reception mode, and when the insertion of the aerosol generating article is detected, switch the control mode to a transmission mode for activating the induction heating, via the switching module.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure discloses tobacco material including: a center portion including a flavor material; and an outer portion including a tobacco mixture, wherein the outer portion surrounds the center portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathode for a lithium secondary battery, which has a coating layer formed on an edge portion of a cathode plate, a method of manufacturing the cathode, and a lithium secondary battery including the cathode. The cathode includes a cathode plate and a coating layer formed at an edge portion of the cathode plate, in which the cathode plate includes a cathode current collector provided with cathode tab and a cathode active material laminated on at least one surface of the cathode current collector, and the coating layer includes a conductive polymer layer and an insulating coating layer.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method according to the present disclosure is performed by an image decoding apparatus. The image decoding method may comprise deriving a prediction sample of a current block based on motion information of the current block, determining whether prediction refinement with optical flow (PROF) applies to the current block, deriving, based on that the PROF applies to the current block, a difference motion vector for each sample position in the current block, deriving a gradient for each sample position in the current block, deriving a PROF offset based on the difference motion vector and the gradient, and deriving a refined prediction sample for the current block based on the PROF offset.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus including a vacuum cleaner and a docking station is provided. The cleaning apparatus includes a vacuum cleaner including a dust collecting chamber in which foreign substances are collected, and a docking station configured to be connected to the dust collecting chamber to remove the foreign substances collected in the dust collecting chamber. The dust collecting chamber is configured to collect foreign substances through centrifugation, and configured to be docked to the docking station, and the docking station includes a suction device configured to suction the foreign substances and air in the dust collecting chamber docked to the docking station.

Abstract: Provided is a display device, which includes: a reference voltage line formed along a circular outer line and configured to provide a reference voltage; a first reference voltage auxiliary line electrically connected to the reference voltage line and formed to be parallel with a predetermined interval; and a conductive line forming a contact with the reference voltage line and the first reference voltage auxiliary line and configured to provide the reference voltage to a cathode.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a conductive structure body, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrode and an electronic device including the conductive structure body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data in a wireless communication system are disclosed, which transmit uplink data in consideration of mobile station (MS) consumption power such that a UE can be stably operated at a cell edge. A method for transmitting data by a mobile station (MS) of a wireless communication system includes transmitting, if MS power consumption is higher than limitation of power consumption, data to a base station (BS) with power higher than the limitation of power consumption using power supplied from a primary power-supply unit and a storage unit during a first time, and charging the storage unit using the primary power-supply unit during a second time, wherein the limitation of power consumption indicates maximum power amount capable of being normally supplied from the primary power-supply unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing polypeptide utilizing a fusion protein of A-B type in the following formula (I), by culturing transformed microorganism comprising DNA sequence encoding the desirable polypeptide; A-B (I). In the above formula (I), A is a fusion partner of 25 or more amino acid residues where aspartic and glutamic acid residues are incorporated to have a net negative charge of 30% or more, and B is the target protein to be produced. The target protein can be isolated from the fusion protein by employing enzymatic cleavage site etc. at the carboxyl-terminus of the fusion partner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data in a wireless communication system are disclosed, which transmit uplink data in consideration of mobile station (MS) consumption power such that a UE can be stably operated at a cell edge. A method for transmitting data by a mobile station (MS) of a wireless communication system includes transmitting, if MS power consumption is higher than limitation of power consumption, data to a base station (BS) with power higher than the limitation of power consumption using power supplied from a primary power-supply unit and a storage unit during a first time, and charging the storage unit using the primary power-supply unit during a second time, wherein the limitation of power consumption indicates maximum power amount capable of being normally supplied from the primary power-supply unit.