Abstract: A data transmitting and receiving method is disclosed. In transmitting a response signal for a transmission signal from at least one transmitter, the present invention includes receiving at least one data block from the at least one transmitter, the at least one data block grouped into at least one group and then transmitted by the at least one transmitter, checking whether each data block is successfully received for the at least one data block belonging to the corresponding group per the group, selecting a transmission scheme of transmitting a response signal instructing a presence or non-presence of successful reception of the each data block to the at least one transmitter, and transmitting a response signal for the each data block to the at least one transmitter by the selected response signal transmission scheme. Hence, the present invention reduces overhead of control information necessary for data transmission.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting a signal using a bit grouping method in a wireless communication system is disclosed. Interleaved subblocks are maintained, and output bit sequences are modulated in due order after bit grouping and bit selection. The bit grouping method is advantageous in that bit reliability is uniformly distributed.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data in a wireless access system includes: calculating a number C of code blocks using a size B of an input bit sequence, a maximum size Z of the code blocks, and a size L of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) which is to be attached to each of the code blocks; calculating a size B? of a modified input bit sequence using the number C, the size L, and the size B; obtaining a size K of each of the code blocks using the size B? and the number C; segmenting the input bit sequence to have the number C of the code blocks and the obtained size K of each of the code blocks; generating the code blocks by attaching the CRC to each of the segmented input bit sequences; and channel-coding the code blocks.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a downlink control channel in a mobile communication system and a method for mapping the control channel to physical resources using a block interleaver are provided. In order to transmit a downlink control channel in a mobile communication system, information bits are modulated to generate one or more modulation symbols according to a specific modulation scheme, the modulation symbols are interleaved using a block interleaver, and the interleaved modulated symbols are mapped to resource elements allocated for transmission of at least one control channel in a subframe, thereby transmitting the at least one control channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The signal transmission method includes grouping a plurality of subcarriers included in a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) symbol within distributed resources into a plurality of subcarrier groups, each subcarrier group having a predetermined number of subcarriers, distributing the plurality of subcarrier groups of the first OFDMA symbol according to a first permutation pattern, transmitting data in the distributed subcarrier groups of the first OFDMA symbol, grouping a plurality of subcarriers included in a second OFDMA symbol within the distributed resources into a plurality of subcarrier groups, each subcarrier group having a predetermined number of subcarriers, distributing the plurality of subcarrier groups of the second OFDMA symbol according to a second permutation pattern, and transmitting data in the distributed subcarrier groups of the second OFDMA symbol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for skin whitening containing at least two selected from the group consisting of a Magnolia obovata bark extract, a Citrus unshiu peel extract, a wild soybean extract, a Ginko biloba leaf extract, and a Honeysuckle extract, which composition depresses melanocytes, blocks stimulation from inflammation, UV radiation, or melasma blood vessels, strengthens melanocyte-supporting DEJs, inhibits skin hyper-pigmentation like skin spots and UV-induced skin tanning, and improves the skin tone and complexion look healthy and bright.

Abstract: A data processing method for a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is provided. Specifically, modulation can be performed according to a constellation rearrangement version (CRV) to generate a sub-packet for an incremental redundancy HARQ (IR-HARQ). When a constellation symbol modulated according to the CRV is segmented into an even symbol and an odd symbol for a plurality of transmit antennas, an identical CRV is determined for a pair of the even symbol and the odd symbol subsequent to the even symbol. When the constellation symbol modulated according to the CRV is transmitted to a receiving side, a newly generated sub-packet is retransmitted upon receiving a non-acknowledgement (NACK) signal.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data using a Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC) encoder by a transmitting end in a mobile communication system includes providing first encoded bits by encoding input data bits inputted to two input ports of the CTC encoder, interleaving the input data bits using 4 CTC interleaver parameters (P0, P1, P2, and P3) corresponding to a size of the input data bits, providing second encoded bits by encoding the interleaved input data bits, and transmitting the input data bits, the first encoded bits, and the second encoded bits.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data in a wireless access system is disclosed. The method includes various processes of obtaining the number of code blocks in consideration of an error detection code which is to be attached to each code block, calculating the size of the code blocks, segmenting input data, and channel-coding the code blocks, thereby efficiently transmitting data.

Abstract: A method for receiving control information for data reception at a specific user equipment in a communication system in which at least one data transmission mode is used to transmit data of the at least one UE is disclosed. The method receives the control information including a first field and a second field, in which the first field indicates a data transmission mode of the specific user equipment (UE) and the second field indicates a resource block via which the data is transmitted, and receives the data by decoding the control information. As a result, a method for constructing control information required for receiving control data of a localized-mode UE and a distributed-mode UE can be recognized.

Abstract: There is provided an air intake for a vacuum-conveyance waste collection system, to form a high-speed air flow by allowing air to enter a conveying line through which waste being put into a waste receiving device is conveyed to a central waste collection station.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding an information bit stream using turbo code is provided. The apparatus includes a temporary bit generator for creating a temporary bit stream, an interleaver for independently receiving the information bit stream and the temporary bit stream, a first constituent encoder for independently receiving the information bit stream and the temporary bit stream and generating a first parity bit stream and a second constituent encoder for receiving an output of the interleaver and generating a second parity bit stream. Performance of a turbo code can be enhanced without changing a code rate by making a decoded bit stream longer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting a signal using a bit grouping method in a wireless communication system is disclosed. Interleaved subblocks are maintained, and output bit sequences are modulated in due order after bit grouping and bit selection. The bit grouping method is advantageous in that bit reliability is uniformly distributed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of mapping a resource unit is provided. Physical resource units (PRUs) are divided into a plurality of PRU sets. The PRUs are mapped to a subband PRU or a miniband PRU in a granularity of the PRU set. The mapping is based on the greatest common divisor of the maximum number of PRU sets. The resource unit can be effectively mapped while maximizing a frequency diversity gain of a subband PRU and a miniband PRU.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mapping a resource unit in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes obtaining a frequency partition (FP) count (FPCT), an size of FPi (FPS) for i>0, and subband (SB) count of FPi (FPSC) for i>0 (where FPi is an ith FP), obtaining a value KSB,FPi indicating an SB count for FPi and a value KMB,FPi indicating a miniband (MB) count for FPi on the basis of the FPCT, the FPS, and the FPSC, and mapping an SB PRU including a plurality of contiguous physical resource units (PRUs) and an MB PRU including a plurality of contiguous PRUs to each FP in a granularity of a PRU set on the basis of the values KSB,FPi and KMB,FPi. Each FP can obtain a frequency selective scheduling gain based on the SB and a frequency diversity gain based on the MB.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of subchannelization is provided. The method includes receiving information indicating the number of physical resource unit (PRU) sets allocated to a subband from a base station, and mapping PRUs of a physical region to a subband PRU or a miniband PRU in a granularity of the PRU set according to the received information, wherein the subband PRU is allocated with at least one subband comprising a first number of contiguous PRUs, the miniband PRU is allocated with at least one miniband comprising a second number of PRUs, and the PRU set comprises PRUs whose number is equal to the number of PRUs included in one subband. Subchannelization can be effectively achieved while maintaining a frequency selective scheduling gain and a frequency diversity gain to the maximum extent possible.

Abstract: A method of estimating a signal-to-noise ratio by considering user mobility, a method of adjusting feedback information transmission, an adaptive modulation and coding method using the same, and a transceiver thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes measuring a first channel parameter and a second channel parameter using first and second symbols sequentially received, respectively, estimating a channel quality considering a time delay between measurements of the first and second channel parameters using the first and second channel parameters, and transmitting information for the estimated channel quality if a variation of the first and second channel parameters is equal to or greater than a prescribed threshold. Accordingly, the present invention reduces performance degradation and feedback overhead caused by a time delay in channel quality estimation.

Abstract: Disclosed are various group resource allocation methods used in a wireless access system. In one example of the present invention, a method for configuring a valid combination set for a resource allocation bitmap comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, a super frame header comprising HARQ burst data showing the HARQ burst size candidate set; receiving, from the base station, group configuration map data elements including control data for configuring a valid combination set; and configuring a valid combination set by using the HARQ burst data and the control data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The signal transmission method includes generating encoded packet data for transmission on an uplink, setting distributed resources in a plurality of contiguous subframes, and transmitting at least part of the encoded packet data through the distributed resources to a base station. The distributed resources are interleaved on a subframe basis according to a permutation pattern and the permutation pattern is different for each subframe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and provides a method and an apparatus for transmitting a downlink reference signal in the wireless communication system. The method for enabling a base station to transmit the reference signal to a terminal using layers of 8 or less in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: transmitting data for the layers of 8 or less through a data domain of a downlink sub frame; and transmitting a reference signal for the layers of 8 or less on a fixed OFDM symbol of the downlink sub frame, wherein the reference signal is a DRS (Dedicated Reference Signal) which demodulates the data for the layers of 8 or less, and the reference signal for the layers of 8 or less is separated into 1st and 2nd groups, and reference signals of the 1st and 2nd groups can be multiplexed in a CDM (Code Division Multiplexing) method on one resource element, respectively.