Abstract: A complex number quantization-based audio signal encoding method may comprise: estimating a scale factor for each subband of an input audio signal; performing complex magnitude scaling for each subband based on the scale factor; and performing polar quantization on a complex frequency coefficient for each subband, wherein the performing the polar quantization for each subband comprises applying two or more different magnitude quantization techniques based on the magnitude of the complex frequency coefficient scaled for each subband.

Abstract: A method of generating a residual signal performed by an encoder includes identifying an input signal including an audio sample, generating a first residual signal from the input signal using linear predictive coding (LPC), generating a second residual signal having a less information amount than the first residual signal by transforming the first residual signal, transforming the second residual signal into a frequency domain, and generating a third residual signal having a less information amount than the second residual signal from the transformed second residual signal using frequency-domain prediction (FDP) coding.

Abstract: An audio signal encoding/decoding method and an apparatus for performing the same are disclosed. The audio signal encoding method includes obtaining a full-band input signal, extracting a first feature vector corresponding to a first sub-band signal and a second feature vector corresponding to a second sub-band signal using an encoder neural network including a plurality of encoding layers, generating a first code vector corresponding to the first feature vector and a second code vector corresponding to the second feature vector by compressing the first feature vector and the second feature vector, and generating a bitstream by quantizing the first code vector and the second code vector.

Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus including a memory configured to store instructions and a processor electrically connected to the memory and configured to execute the instructions, wherein the processor may be configured to perform a plurality of operations, when the instructions are executed by the processor, wherein the plurality of operations may include obtaining an input audio signal, generating an embedded audio signal by embedding signal components of a second frequency band of the input audio signal in a first frequency band of the input audio signal, generating additional information associated with the first frequency band and the second frequency band, generating an encoded audio signal by encoding the embedded audio signal, and formatting the encoded audio signal and the additional information into a bitstream.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, electronic systems including the same, and methods of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device comprises a first gate stack structure including a first dielectric pattern and a first conductive pattern that are alternately stacked with each other, a memory channel structure including a first memory portion that penetrates the first gate stack structure, a through contact including a first through portion at a level the same as a level of the first memory portion, and a connection contact including a first connection portion at a level the same as the level of the first memory portion and the level of the first through portion. A minimum width of the first memory portion is less than a minimum width of the first through portion and a minimum width of the first connection portion.

Abstract: This application relates to a separator for a lithium secondary battery, a method for manufacturing a separator for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including same. The separator includes a porous substrate, a heat resistant layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous substrate and including inorganic particles, and a first adhesive layer positioned on the heat resistant layer and including a first organic polymer. The heat resistant layer includes the inorganic particles of 90 wt % to 99 wt % on the basis of total weight, the thickness of the heat resistant layer is 3.5 ?m to 7 ?m, and the thickness of the first adhesive layer is 0.5 ?m to 3.0 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: Electronic devices, displays, and methods are provided for operating an electronic display in coexistence with sensors that could be adversely impacted by the operation of the electronic display. An electronic device may include an electronic display and a sensor. The electronic display may display image content by light emission during an emission period and periodically enter a quiet period in which the light emission of the electronic display is turned off. The sensor may perform sensing operations during the quiet period without interference from the operation of the electronic display.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for audio encoding/decoding that is robust against coding distortion in a transition section. An audio encoding method includes outputting a frequency domain signal by time-to-frequency (T/F) transform of an input signal, outputting a frequency domain residual signal in which a frequency axis envelope is removed from the frequency domain signal by applying frequency domain noise shaping (FDNS) encoding to the frequency domain signal, outputting a time domain residual signal in which a time axis envelope is removed by performing linear prediction coefficient (LPC) analysis based on the frequency domain residual signal, and quantizing and transmitting the time domain residual signal.

Abstract: One or more embodiments provides a mask assembly including a frame defining an opening, a mask stick above the frame, extending in a first direction, defining through-holes, and including pattern areas that include one or more first non-hole portions in which no through-hole exists, and one or more second non-hole portions in which no through-hole exists, and a first support stick between the frame and the mask stick, extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and overlapping the one or more second non-hole portions.

Abstract: A low-noise amplifier in a receiver supporting a beam forming function may selectively change a phase shift for beam steering. The low-noise amplifier may include first and second transistors and a variable capacitance circuit connected to a gate of the second transistor. The variable capacitance circuit may selectively change capacitance thereof based on a capacitance control signal applied thereto according to beam-forming information, where the changed capacitance correspondingly causes a phase change in an output signal of the low-noise amplifier. A similar scheme may be employed for amplifiers in transmit signal paths to steer a transmit beam.

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery, the separator including a porous substrate; and a coating layer on at least one surface of the porous substrate, wherein the coating layer includes a binder and inorganic particles, the binder including a polyurethane and a polyvinyl alcohol, and the polyurethane and the polyvinyl alcohol are included in a weight ratio of about 5:5 to about 9:1.

Abstract: A life-saving towel generates oxygen in the event of an emergency such as a fire to enable a user to survive for a long time. The life-saving towel includes: a filter sheet; an oxygen generating receptor in which an oxygen generating material is accommodated and which is coupled to one surface of the filter sheet; an oxygen generating receptor barrier frame in contact with the other surface of the filter sheet, which is coupled to the oxygen generating receptor with the filter sheet interposed therebetween and has a plurality of empty spaces formed therein; and an oxygen generating cover in contact with the other surface of the oxygen generating receptor barrier frame to cover all of the plurality of empty spaces of the oxygen generating receptor barrier frame and having a bonding portion formed on one surface to be bonded to the oxygen generating receptor barrier frame.

Abstract: A life-saving towel generates oxygen in the event of an emergency such as a fire to enable a user to survive for a long time. The life-saving towel includes: a filter sheet; an oxygen generating receptor in which an oxygen generating material is accommodated and which is coupled to one surface of the filter sheet; an oxygen generating receptor barrier frame in contact with the other surface of the filter sheet, which is coupled to the oxygen generating receptor with the filter sheet interposed therebetween and has a plurality of empty spaces formed therein; and an oxygen generating cover in contact with the other surface of the oxygen generating receptor barrier frame to cover all of the plurality of empty spaces of the oxygen generating receptor barrier frame and having a bonding portion formed on one surface to be bonded to the oxygen generating receptor barrier frame.

Abstract: There are provided a printing method and a printing apparatus for increasing visibility and printed matter printed using the printing method. The printing apparatus sprays a light-absorbing composition to form a light-absorbing layer on a print medium, and then sprays a color-variable composition on the light-absorbing layer to form a color-variable layer.

Abstract: Provided are a microorganism for producing retinol, in which retinol biosynthetic genes are introduced; and a method of producing retinol, the method including a step of culturing the microorganism. The microorganism of the present invention may have an improved ability to produce retinol, and thus it may be efficiently used in producing retinol. Based on the method of producing retinol, the method including the step of culturing the microorganism, the retinol production efficiency may be improved.

Abstract: Provided are a recombinant yeast having improved ability to produce ginsenoside, which is prepared by overexpressing INO2 and INO4 or deleting OPT1 in a yeast having ability to produce ginsenoside, a method of preparing the yeast, and a method of producing ginsenoside by using the yeast.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security medium in which a color code for security information is printed on the surface of the medium using magnetically color tunable photonic crystal ink (MTX), wherein the color code is a color, pattern, image and/or data printed by the magnetic color variable ink, the color, pattern, image, and/or data are changed and appear, according to an observation angle, and the color, pattern, image and/or data appearing at at least one specific observation angle is information obtained by decoding the color code.

Abstract: The present invention relates to recombinant yeast, in which the productivity of ginsenoside is enhanced by overexpressing CPR5, PDI1, or ERO1 in yeast having the productivity of ginsenosides; a method for preparing the yeast; and a method for producing ginsenosides using the yeast.

Abstract: Provided are a recombinant yeast having improved ability to produce ginsenoside, which is prepared by overexpressing INO2 and INO4 or deleting OPT1 in a yeast having ability to produce ginsenoside, a method of preparing the yeast, and a method of producing ginsenoside by using the yeast.