Abstract: A washing machine in which steam and hot water are supplied to heat wash water. The washing machine includes a water tub for containing wash water, a steam generating unit for heating water supplied thereto, thereby generating steam, a water supply unit for supplying water into the water tub and the steam generating unit, a steam supply unit for supplying the steam generated from the steam generating unit into the water tub, and a hot water supply unit for supplying hot water from the steam generating unit into the water tub. In the washing machine, the temperature of wash water can be rapidly increased in accordance with steam and hot water supplied into the water tub. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the overall wash time while reducing the amount of wash water to be used. The energy consumed to heat the wash water can also be reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus of thinning a glass substrate includes at least one chemical spray member, a chemical supply member, and a bath. The chemical spray member includes a first tube and a second tube enclosing the first tube. The first tube has a plurality of first spray holes disposed along a first direction. The second tube has at least one second spray hole disposed at a lateral portion of the second tube along a second direction. The chemical supply member includes a connection tube and a press pump. The connection tube is coupled to the chemical spray member, and the press pump is disposed at an end portion of the connection tube. The bath includes a chemical receiving member for storing chemicals and a fence disposed on the chemical receiving member. The fence receives the chemical spray member.

Abstract: An apparatus for etching a glass substrate includes a container for receiving an etching solution and at least two rollers disposed in the container. The at least two rollers may face with each other. The glass substrate is inserted between the at least two rollers, and the glass substrate is uniformly etched using the etching solution while revolving the at least two rollers.