Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding and decoding technique, and more particularly, to an image encoder and decoder using unidirectional prediction. The image encoder includes a dividing unit to divide a macro block into a plurality of sub-blocks, a unidirectional application determining unit to determine whether an identical prediction mode is applied to each of the plurality of sub-blocks, and a prediction mode determining unit to determine a prediction mode with respect to each of the plurality of sub-blocks based on a determined result of the unidirectional application determining unit.

Abstract: A optical measurement apparatus includes: an optical system which generates a pupil image of a measurement target, using light; a polarization generator which generates a polarized light from the light; a self-interference generator which generates a plurality of beams divided from the pupil image, using the polarized light, and causes the plurality of beams to interfere with each other to generate a self-interference image; and an image analysis unit configured to extract phase data from the self-interference image, and to move the measurement target to a focus position on the basis of the phase data.

Abstract: The present specification relates to an ink composition including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a first solvent represented by Chemical Formula 2 and a second solvent represented by Chemical Formula 3.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel positioned in front of the backlight unit, and an optical film positioned in front of the display panel. The optical film includes a base layer positioned adjacent to the display panel, a first refractive layer positioned in front of the base layer and having a pattern including a first inclined portion totally reflecting some of light waves emitted from the backlight unit, and a second refractive layer positioned in front of the first refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the first refractive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel positioned in front of the backlight unit; and an optical film positioned in front of the display panel, and the optical film includes a base layer, a first refractive layer positioned in front of the base layer, a second refractive layer positioned in front of the first refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the first refractive layer, a third refractive layer positioned at the rear of the base layer, and a fourth refractive layer positioned at the rear of the third refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the third refractive layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel disposed in front of the backlight unit, and an optical sheet disposed between the backlight unit and the display panel. The optical sheet may include a first prism sheet including a plurality of first prisms arranged in a first direction, a second prism sheet including a plurality of second prisms arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and disposed in front of the first prism sheet; and a third prism sheet including a plurality of third prisms arranged in the first direction, and disposed in front of the second prism sheet.

Abstract: A display panel and a display apparatus including the display panel are provided. The display apparatus includes: a display panel; and a backlight unit configured to supply light to the display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a liquid crystal layer; a first polarizing plate disposed between the backlight unit and the liquid crystal layer; and a second polarizing plate facing the first polarizing plate with the liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween, and containing a light absorbing agent for absorbing light of a specific wavelength band, wherein the first polarizing plate includes: a first polarizing layer including a plurality of refracting layers having different refractive indexes; and at least one second polarizing layer disposed on the first polarizing layer.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display a 3D image; a light guide panel disposed on a rear surface of the display panel to emit light to the display panel; a first light source configured to irradiate light toward the light guide panel; a second light source configured to irradiate light toward the light guide panel; and a controller configured to control the first light source and the second light source to emit light alternately, wherein the light guide panel includes a first pattern which responds to the first light source and does not respond to the second light source, and a second pattern which responds to the second light source and does not respond to the first light source.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, a light source module including a plurality of light sources, and an optical sheet provided between the display panel and the light source module for guiding light radiated by the light source module to the display panel. The optical sheet includes a first transparent layer including a plurality of grooves provided on a first surface of the optical sheet that is opposite to the display panel, and having a first refraction index, a second transparent layer provided in each of the plurality of grooves and having a second refraction index that is different from the first refraction index, and a reflective layer including a light reflective material provided in each of the plurality of grooves and covering the second transparent layer, and including a light-reflective material.

Abstract: A display device and a method of controlling the same are provided. The display device includes: a display panel including a plurality of pixels, each of which includes a plurality of sub pixels; a prism panel at one side of the display panel and including a prism array and a liquid crystal; a prism panel driver configured to apply voltage to the prism panel; and a controller configured to display a plurality of image frames on the display panel and to control a driving state of the prism panel variably while the plurality of image frames is displayed.

Abstract: A display device includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel disposed in front of the backlight unit, and an optical sheet disposed between the backlight unit and the display panel. The optical sheet may include a first prism sheet including a plurality of first prisms arranged in a first direction, a second prism sheet including a plurality of second prisms arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and disposed in front of the first prism sheet; and a third prism sheet including a plurality of third prisms arranged in the first direction, and disposed in front of the second prism sheet.

Abstract: A backlight unit capable of implementing matrix local dimming using cholesteric liquid crystal and a polarizing portion, and a display apparatus including the backlight unit are provided. A display apparatus may include: a backlight unit; and an image forming unit configured to create an image by performing at least one from among transmitting and blocking light emitted from the backlight unit. The backlight unit may include: a waveguide plate; a cholesteric liquid crystal layer disposed in front of the waveguide plate, and configured to perform at least one from among transmitting and circularly polarizing the light emitted from the waveguide plate, to generate at least one from among transmitted light and circularly polarized light; and a polarizing portion disposed in front of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and configured to transmit the transmitted light in a front direction, and to block the circularly polarized light.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel positioned in front of the backlight unit; and an optical film positioned in front of the display panel, and the optical film includes a base layer, a first refractive layer positioned in front of the base layer, a second refractive layer positioned in front of the first refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the first refractive layer, a third refractive layer positioned at the rear of the base layer, and a fourth refractive layer positioned at the rear of the third refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the third refractive layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, a light source module including a plurality of light sources, and an optical sheet provided between the display panel and the light source module for guiding light radiated by the light source module to the display panel. The optical sheet includes a first transparent layer including a plurality of grooves provided on a first surface of the optical sheet that is opposite to the display panel, and having a first refraction index, a second transparent layer provided in each of the plurality of grooves and having a second refraction index that is different from the first refraction index, and a reflective layer including a light reflective material provided in each of the plurality of grooves and covering the second transparent layer, and including a light-reflective material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel positioned in front of the backlight unit, and an optical film positioned in front of the display panel. The optical film includes a base layer positioned adjacent to the display panel, a first refractive layer positioned in front of the base layer and having a pattern including a first inclined portion totally reflecting some of light waves emitted from the backlight unit, and a second refractive layer positioned in front of the first refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the first refractive layer.

Abstract: A 3D display device is provided. The 3D display device includes a display panel and a liquid crystal lens panel. The display panel operates in one of a 2D mode for displaying a 2D image, a 3D mode for displaying a 3D image, and a coincident mode for displaying the 2D image and the 3D image. The liquid crystal lens panel is disposed on the display panel. The liquid crystal lens panel is configured to refract the 3D image through a third region of the liquid crystal lens panel and to transmit the 2D image without refracting the 2D image when the display panel operates in the coincident mode.

Abstract: A method of driving an optical modulation device includes applying a voltage to an upper electrode; forming a forward phase slope by applying a first driving signal to a lower electrode in a first area; forming a backward phase slope by applying a second driving signal different from the first driving signal to another lower electrode in a second area; forming an area without phase retardation by applying a third driving signal to two lower electrodes in a third area between the first area and the second area; and forming a flat phase slope by applying a fourth driving signal different from the first to third driving signals one lower electrode in a fourth area between the first area and the second area.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes: a backlight; and a display panel configured to create an image by selectively blocking light emitted from the backlight, the backlight including a light regulator configured to regulate emission of incident light; a light guide plate arranged behind the light regulator; and a plurality of adhesives arranged to bond the light regulator and the light guide plate, respective cross-section areas of the plurality of adhesives increasing as distance from a light source increases.

Abstract: A display panel and a display apparatus including the display panel are provided. The display apparatus includes: a display panel; and a backlight unit configured to supply light to the display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a liquid crystal layer; a first polarizing plate disposed between the backlight unit and the liquid crystal layer; and a second polarizing plate facing the first polarizing plate with the liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween, and containing a light absorbing agent for absorbing light of a specific wavelength band, wherein the first polarizing plate includes: a first polarizing layer including a plurality of refracting layers having different refractive indexes; and at least one second polarizing layer disposed on the first polarizing layer.

Abstract: An optical modulation device or an optical device including the same includes: a first plate and a second plate facing the first plate; and a liquid crystal layer between the first plate and the second plate and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, wherein the first plate includes a plurality of first electrodes and a first aligner, the second plate includes at least one second electrode and a second aligner, and an alignment direction of the first aligner is substantially parallel to an alignment direction of the second aligner and wherein portions of the first plate, the second plate, and the liquid crystal layer between the first and second plates are individual units.