Abstract: The present invention relates to a URL providing apparatus and a method thereof, and a mobile station that accesses the Internet by using the provided URL, and an Internet access method thereof. The mobile station attaches an RF-ID tag that stores an RF-ID tag value corresponding to identification information of the mobile station thereto, and thus when a user brings the mobile station into an interrogation range of an RF-ID reader included in the URL providing apparatus, the URL providing apparatus receives the corresponding RF-ID tag value from the RF-ID reader. When the URL providing apparatus acquires an IP address of the mobile station by using the received RF-ID tag value and provides a URL to the mobile station by using the acquired IP address, the mobile station automatically accesses the Internet by using the URL. Such an Internet access method can minimize additional cost of the mobile station and simplify an Internet access process to a specific URL.

Abstract: A clock signal generating apparatus including a clock generator, a distributor, a plurality of delay units, and generates a clock signal for synchronized driving of a system having a plurality of clock receiving apparatuses. The clock signal generator generates a clock signal for driving the system by using an external clock signal and a feedback clock signal. The distributor distributes the clock signal output to generate a plurality of distributed clock signals and outputs the plurality of distributed clock signals to the plurality of clock receiving apparatuses through a plurality of signal transmission paths. The plurality of delay units are respectively located on the plurality of signal transmission paths, control phases of the plurality of distributed clock signals to generate a plurality of phase-controlled clock signals, and transmit the plurality of phase-controlled clock signals to the plurality of clock receiving apparatuses.

Abstract: A terminal main body of a communication terminal is supplied power from a battery pack through a DC signal path. The terminal main body communicates with at least one additional function module providing an additional function through a communication path connected to the DC signal path so as to provide the additional function to a user. Herein, the communication path is an AC signal path. That is, a signal transmitted/received between the terminal main body and the additional function module is an AC signal, and thus, the communication path can be compatible with the DC signal path providing the power. In addition, a plurality of additional function modules can be serially connected in the form of a serial communication bus, and therefore, a user can select a plurality of additional functions.

Abstract: An apparatus for wavelength assignment in wavelength multiplexing optical ring networks includes: a node section receiving a connection setup request, the node section comprising a plurality of nodes; and a wavelength assignment controller connected to the node section for, when the connection setup request occurs, determining paths available between the nodes using sparse wavelength conversion and limited wavelength conversion, calculating the total number of gaps for each node available, and assigning wavelengths to a path having the smallest total number of gaps. The present invention assigns wavelengths in consideration of both sparse wavelength conversion and limited wavelength conversion to minimize the call-blocking probability, and uses the wavelength in adjacent partitions to calculate the number of gaps for each wavelength and the total number of gaps.