Abstract: A semiconductor package includes: a chip-via composite substrate including a substrate, a semiconductor chip, and a plurality of through vias, wherein the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and includes a first region and a second region around the first region, wherein the semiconductor chip is provided in the first region and has chip pads and circuit patterns that are electrically connected to the chip pads, and wherein the plurality of through vias is provided in the second region and penetrate the substrate; a first redistribution wiring layer provided on the first surface of the substrate and having first redistribution wirings that are electrically connected to the chip pads and the through vias; and a second redistribution wiring layer provided on the second surface of the substrate and having second redistribution wirings that are electrically connected to the through vias.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device may comprise an upper transistor that is on a substrate. The upper transistor may comprise an upper channel region. The integrated circuit device may further comprise a lower transistor that is between the substrate and the upper transistor. The lower transistor may comprise a lower channel region. The integrated circuit device may further include an integrated insulator that is between the lower channel region and the upper channel region. The integrated insulator may comprise an outer layer and an inner layer in the outer layer, wherein the inner layer and the outer layer comprise different materials.

Abstract: Provided are a substation system including an energy storage device, a method of calculating capacity of the energy storage device, and a control apparatus for the same. The control apparatus may include a charge and discharge determination unit configured to determine a charge or discharge operation of an energy storage device based on whether a measured output value is within an output operation range; a forecast error determination unit configured to determine a ratio of a period in which the measured output value is out of the output operation range with respect to a total period; and a capacity determination unit configured to determine capacity of the energy storage device based on the ratio.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing power consumption of a terminal in a wireless communication system are provided. The method for reducing power consumption of a terminal in a wireless communication system includes measuring movement information of the terminal, calculating a location change value of the terminal based on the movement information, determining whether there is movement of the terminal based on the location change value, and determining whether to measure a neighbor cell in a power saving duration of a discontinuous reception duration based on the determination of whether there is movement of the terminal, wherein the power saving duration is duration that the terminal does not transceive data, and wherein the movement information includes at least one of velocity information, acceleration information, location information, direction information or angle information of the terminal.