Abstract: A method of personalizing a vehicle lamp includes drawing an image made up of a plurality of pixels that implement a vehicle lamp, based on an input by a user. The method also includes converting the drawn image into light-and-shade data that correspond to the pixels, respectively, multiplying a pixel light distribution value, corresponding to each pixel, by a weighted value based on the data resulting from the conversion, adding up results of the multiplication, and deriving total light distribution of the pixels that results when brightness of the vehicle lamp is the same as that of the drawn image. The method further includes comparing the derived total light distribution against a predetermined reference value and determining whether the derived total light distribution satisfies a predetermined light distribution reference, and applying the drawn image to the vehicle lamp when it is determined that a predetermined light distribution reference is satisfied.

Abstract: A water-treatment separation membrane with good antifouling properties includes a support having pores, a polyamide layer formed on the support, and a passivation layer comprising specific materials formed on the polyamide layer.

Abstract: There are provided a method of manufacturing a reverse osmosis membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane manufactured thereby. The method includes forming a polysulfone layer by applying a solution including a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents having different solubility parameter values to a surface of a porous support; and forming an active layer on the polysulfone layer.

Abstract: There is provided a reverse osmosis membrane including a porous support; a polysulfone layer formed on the porous support and having pores formed in a surface thereof, pores having a diameter of 40 nm or greater accounting for less than 0.5% of total pores; and an active layer.

Abstract: There is provided a reverse osmosis membrane including a porous support; a polysulfone layer formed on the porous support and having pores formed in a surface thereof, pores having a diameter of 40 nm or greater accounting for less than 0.5% of total pores; and an active layer.

Abstract: There are provided a method of manufacturing a reverse osmosis membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane manufactured thereby. The method includes forming a polysulfone layer by applying a solution including a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents having different solubility parameter values to a surface of a porous support; and forming an active layer on the polysulfone layer.

Abstract: There are provided a method of manufacturing a reverse osmosis membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane manufactured thereby. The method includes forming a polysulfone layer by applying a solution including a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents having different solubility parameter values to a surface of a porous support; and forming an active layer on the polysulfone layer.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis separation membrane includes a minute, porous support, and a polyamide active layer formed on the minute, porous support and including at least one compound containing grapheme is disclosed. A method of manufacturing the reverse osmosis separation membrane is also disclosed.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis separation membrane includes a porous support, a separation active layer formed on the supporting layer, and a ultra hydrophilic layer formed on the separation active layer. The ultra-hydrophilic layer includes a complex metal oxide including at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Sn(IV) and Al(III), and Si, and an organic compound containing a hydrophilic group making a physical or chemical bond with Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Sn(IV) or Al(III) among the complex metal oxide. A method of manufacturing the reverse osmosis separation membrane also is provided. A reverse osmosis membrane including a single coating layer and having an improved durability, chlorine-resistance and antifouling properties may be provided.

Abstract: A water-treatment separation membrane with good antifouling properties includes a support having pores, a polyamide layer formed on the support, and a passivation layer comprising specific materials formed on the polyamide layer.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis membrane includes a porous support, a polyamide active layer formed on the porous support, and a coating layer including a copolymer including an amphoteric ionic compound and glycidyl (meth)acrylate. The coating layer makes a chemical bond with the polyamide active layer. A method of manufacturing the reverse osmosis membrane also is disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a reverse osmosis membrane including a porous support; a polysulfone layer formed on the porous support and having pores formed in a surface thereof, pores having a diameter of 40 nm or greater accounting for less than 0.5% of total pores; and an active layer.

Abstract: There are provided a method of manufacturing a reverse osmosis membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane manufactured thereby. The method includes forming a polysulfone layer by applying a solution including a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents having different solubility parameter values to a surface of a porous support; and forming an active layer on the polysulfone layer.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis membrane includes a porous support, a polyamide active layer formed on the porous support, and a coating layer including a copolymer including an amphoteric ionic compound and glycidyl (meth)acrylate. The coating layer makes a chemical bond with the polyamide active layer. A method of manufacturing the reverse osmosis membrane also is disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing a reverse osmosis membrane, the method including: forming a first coating layer by coating an aqueous amine solution on a surface of a microporous support to have a thickness of 20 ?m to 30 ?m; removing an excess of the aqueous amine solution from the microporous support; and forming a second coating layer by coating an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based organic solution including acyl halide on the first coating layer to have a thickness of 10 ?m to 30 ?m.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis separation membrane includes a minute, porous support, and a polyamide active layer formed on the minute, porous support and including at least one compound containing grapheme is disclosed. A method of manufacturing the reverse osmosis separation membrane is also disclosed.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis separation membrane includes a porous support, a separation active layer formed on the supporting layer, and a ultra hydrophilic layer formed on the separation active layer. The ultra-hydrophilic layer includes a complex metal oxide including at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Sn(IV) and Al(III), and Si, and an organic compound containing a hydrophilic group making a physical or chemical bond with Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Sn(IV) or Al(III) among the complex metal oxide. A method of manufacturing the reverse osmosis separation membrane also is provided. A reverse osmosis membrane including a single coating layer and having an improved durability, chlorine-resistance and antifouling properties may be provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for modifying a surface of a cyclic olefin copolymer, comprising: coating a compound of the following Chemical Formula 1 on the surface of a cyclic olefin copolymer substrate, irradiating UV light on the cyclic olefin copolymer substrate, and polymerizing a monomer on the cyclic olefin where X is H or F, and n is an integer of 1 to 6.

Abstract: Provided is a method for modifying a surface of a cyclic olefin copolymer, comprising: coating a compound of the following Chemical Formula 1 on the surface of a cyclic olefin copolymer substrate, irradiating UV light on the cyclic olefin copolymer substrate, and polymerizing a monomer on the cyclic olefin where X is H or F, and n is an integer of 1 to 6.