Abstract: Disclosed herein is a scratch-resistant polycarbonate resin composition, the resin composition comprising: (A) about 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin; (B) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a phosphate eater compound represented by the following Formula (II) or a combination thereof: and (C) about 0.1 to about 30 parts by weight of a halogen substituted polycarbonate oligomer represented by the following Formula (III): wherein R1, R2, R4 and R5 are each independently C6-20 aryl or C1-10 alkyl-substituted C6-20 aryl, R3 is C6-30 aryl or C1-10 alkyl-substituted C6-30 aryl derivative, m represents a number average degree of polymerization, and the average of m is 0 to 3; wherein each X is independently fluorine, chlorine or bromine, each Y is independently hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, n is an integer of 1 to 10, and 1 is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phosphonate based compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and a flameproof thermoplastic resin composition comprising (A) a thermoplastic resin and (B) a phosphonate based compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. The flameproof thermoplastic resin composition can exhibit good flame retardancy and impact strength. Further, the composition does not include a halogenated flame retardant and thus can provide environmental and safety benefits. wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkylene and X is a cyano group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a scratch-resistant polycarbonate resin composition, the resin composition comprising: (A) about 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin; (B) about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of a phosphate eater compound represented by the following Formula (II) or a combination thereof: and (C) about 0.1 to about 30 parts by weight of a halogen substituted polycarbonate oligomer represented by the following Formula (III): wherein R1, R2, R4 and R5 are each independently C6-20 aryl or C1-10 alkyl-substituted C6-20 aryl, R3 is C6-30 aryl or C1-10 alkyl-substituted C6-30 aryl derivative, m represents a number average degree of polymerization, and the average of m is 0 to 3; wherein each X is independently fluorine, chlorine or bromine, each Y is independently hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, n is an integer of 1 to 10, and 1 is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having no fuel pump, including: an electric generator to generate electricity by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen-containing fuel and an oxidant; and a fuel feeder including a fuel tank in which the hydrogen-containing fuel to be supplied to the electric generator is stored, wherein the fuel feeder includes a gas pressure applying unit provided between the electric generator and the fuel tank and adapted to recover gas produced in the electrochemical reaction and apply the recovered gas to the fuel tank and drive the fuel into the electric generator. With this configuration, the gas, such as carbon dioxide, produced by the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is supplied to the fuel tank without requiring a fuel pump, so the hydrogen-containing fuel is smoothly supplied and thereby enhances the fuel cell's efficiency in generating power.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell stack capable of making fuel flow within the stack uniform. One embodiment of the present disclosure is configured to provide a fuel cell stack comprising: a stack comprising a plurality of fuel cells disposed in a stack body, a fuel manifold in the stack body fluidly connected to the plurality of fuel cells, an oxidant manifold in the stack body fluidly connected to the plurality of fuel cells, and a baffle disposed in the fuel manifold comprising a longitudinal recess wherein a cross-section of the recess reduces in one direction.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is provided including a fuel cell stack and a starting controller. The fuel cell stack has output terminals for applying an output voltage. The starting controller is configured to control the output voltage applied across the output terminals of the fuel cell stack during a starting period to be a starting voltage lower than a rated voltage.

Abstract: An air-breathing-type polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and an operating method thereof capable of being stably started and operated by controlling an output current and temperature of a fuel cell stack in a predetermined range is controlled in a predetermined range so that the initial driving time of the system can be shortened through the high current operation in the low output state. The operating method of the air-breathing-type polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the steps of detecting an output current of a fuel cell stack; comparing a maximum reference value and a minimum reference value of the detected output current; and keeping the output current below the maximum reference value and above the minimum reference value.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly in a fuel cell system includes a cathode electrode that includes a support layer; a catalyst layer; and a first carbon layer and second carbon layer between the support layer and the catalyst layer, the first carbon layer having a relatively higher porosity and the second carbon layer having a relatively lower porosity. Therefore, the membrane electrode assembly maintains good ion conductivity in the polymer electrolyte membrane by suppressing the movement of water molecules from the polymer electrolyte membrane to the cathode electrode using a water pressure between two carbon layers having different porosity. Also, a flooding phenomenon in the cathode electrode is prevented, thereby maintaining the smooth movement of the oxidizing agent in the cathode.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes: a fuel cell body; and a fuel supplier supplying fuel to the fuel cell body, wherein the fuel cell body includes: a membrane electrode assembly including an ion exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer positioned at one surface of the ion exchange membrane, an anode gas diffusion layer positioned at one surface of the anode catalyst layer, and a cathode catalyst layer positioned at other surface of the ion exchange membrane; and a fuel flow field positioned at the one surface of the anode gas diffusion layer and supplying the fuel to the anode catalyst layer through the anode diffusion layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided. The fuel cell includes a medium member. Unit areas are formed at both sides of the medium member. The unit areas include outlets and inlets which allow a fuel to flow. First path members which have first flowpaths for circulating the fuel are disposed at the unit areas. Membrane-electrode assemblies are connected to the respective first path members. Second path members which have second flowpaths for circulating air are connected to the respective membrane-electrode assemblies.