Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information may include: a bio-signal acquirer configured to acquire a bio-signal; and a processor configured to extract one or more first feature values from the bio-signal, determine a scale factor based on the first feature values, and to estimate bio-information based on the scale factor and the first feature values.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method of forming a trench isolation layer in a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A metallic gloss image composition including a hydromorphic solvent and a polsulfurnitride derivative dissolved in the hydromorphic solvent. The polysulfurnitride derivative has the following formula: R1—(—S═N—)n—R2. Instead of the hydromorphic solvent, a thermoplastic renis formed by polymerization of monomers can be used to obtain the metallic gloss image composition.

Abstract: An ink composition for ink-jet printers is provided which includes a chromophore, a solvent, a co-solvent, a humectant, a surfactant, a viscosity adjuster and an additive. The additive is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. This nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound has the hydroxy groups which improve miscibility with water, thereby preventing clogging of nozzles during use. The present invention increases the affinity for dye used as a chromophore and for the hydroxy groups of paper after discharging of ink, which allows the chromophore to easily fix on the paper, thus enhancing smearfastness of the ink composition after printing.

Abstract: An ink composition for ink-jet printers is provided which includes a chromophore, a solvent, a co-solvent, a humectant, a surfactant, a viscosity adjuster and an additive, wherein the additive is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having formula: 1

Abstract: A dry toner of polymerization type for electronic photography for forming an image on a recordable medium is synthesized during a polymerization process by adding a hydrophobic silica system compound having both hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups and having the following chemical structure formula: the silica system compound being a stabilizer in a polymerization composition.