Abstract: An aerosol generating apparatus includes: a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating substrate; a puff sensor configured to measure an amount of a user's puff; and a controller configured to determine a vaporization amount of the aerosol generating substrate, based on a puff sensing value indicating the amount of the user's puff, and control a heating time of the heater, based on the determined vaporization amount.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device according to one embodiment may include: a housing that forms an exterior of the aerosol generating device and includes an opening into which a cigarette is inserted; a heater that generates an aerosol by heating the cigarette; a battery that supplies power to the heater; a temperature sensor that senses a temperature of an internal component of the aerosol generating device; and a controller that prevents abnormal operation of the aerosol generating device based on the temperature of the internal component sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A stamp for nano imprinting includes a base substrate, a first pattern part and a second pattern part disposed on the base substrate and having different widths, and a third pattern part and a fourth pattern part having different widths. Each of the first pattern part to the fourth pattern part includes a plurality of nano patterns, and the first pattern part and the second pattern part and the third pattern part and the fourth pattern are disposed to be arranged adjacent to each other in a sequential order in the first direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor includes an underlayer; a lower core layer spaced apart from the underlayer, the lower core layer including a plurality of lower segments spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction; an upper core layer spaced apart from the lower core layer, the upper core layer including a plurality of upper segments spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction; a post pattern vertically penetrating the upper core layer and the lower core layer; a passivation layer surrounding the lower core layer, the upper core layer, and the post pattern; coating layer surrounding the passivation layer; and a support pattern extending in the vertical direction and passing through the lower core layer, the upper core layer, the passivation layer, and the coating layer.

Abstract: Proposed is a lighting device using combined power generation. Particularly, the lighting device using combined power generation includes a first power generation part including a first thermoelectric element whose first surface has a high temperature part formed by solar heat, the first power generation part being configured to generate electrical energy by using the first thermoelectric element, a second power generation part including a second thermoelectric element whose first surface has a high temperature part formed by heat generated from an LED module, the second power generation part being configured to generate electrical energy by using the second thermoelectric element, and a cooling part which is provided between the first power generation part and the second power generation part and simultaneously cools a second surface of each of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element.

Abstract: Proposed is a lighting device using combined power generation. Particularly, the lighting device using combined power generation includes a first power generation part including a first thermoelectric element whose first surface has a high temperature part formed by solar heat, the first power generation part being configured to generate electrical energy by using the first thermoelectric element, a second power generation part including a second thermoelectric element whose first surface has a high temperature part formed by heat generated from an LED module, the second power generation part being configured to generate electrical energy by using the second thermoelectric element, and a cooling part that is provided between the first power generation part and the second power generation part and simultaneously cools a second surface of each of the first thermoelectric element and the second thermoelectric element.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device and method of fabricating same, the nonvolatile memory device including a substrate; a first semiconductor layer on the substrate; an etching stop film including a metal oxide on the first semiconductor layer; a mold structure including second semiconductor layers and insulating layers alternately stacked on the etching stop film; a channel hole penetrating through at least one of the mold structure, the etching stop film, the second semiconductor layer and the substrate; and a channel structure extending along a side wall of the channel hole, including an anti-oxidant film, a first blocking insulation film, a second blocking insulation film, a charge storage film, a tunnel insulating film and a channel semiconductor sequentially formed along the side wall of the channel hole. The first semiconductor layer contacts the first blocking insulation film, the second blocking insulation film, the charge storage film, and the tunnel insulating film.

Abstract: A secondary battery, an apparatus for processing the secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the secondary battery are provided. The secondary battery includes an electrode assembly including an electrode tab, and an exterior material accommodating the electrode assembly and including a sealing portion formed around the electrode assembly. The sealing portion includes a tab sealing portion formed at an area where the electrode tab is drawn out, and the tap sealing portion includes repeating patterns.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes: a main body including a controller and a battery; and a removable heater module removably combined to the main body and including a heater and a first memory, the heater being configured to heat an aerosol generating article, wherein the first memory stores heater module information about intrinsic properties of the removable heater module, the heater module information being obtained during a manufacturing process of the removable heater module, and the controller is configured to obtain the heater module information from the first memory when the removable heater module is combined to the main body, determine a control condition corresponding to the removable heater module by using the obtained heater module information, and control the aerosol generating device based on the determined control condition.

Abstract: A battery control system and method of a fuel cell vehicle includes a battery, a fuel cell, and a controller. The battery provides driving energy of a vehicle. The fuel cell provides the driving energy of the vehicle or charging the battery. The controller estimates a degree of deterioration of the fuel cell, derive a change rate in an SOC value of the battery based on the degree of deterioration of the fuel cell, and change a charge control factor or a discharge control factor of the battery according to the derived change rate in the SOC value of the battery.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a susceptor configured to heat an aerosol generating article inserted into an accommodation space of the aerosol generating apparatus; an induction coil arranged around the susceptor and configured to heat the susceptor by induction heating; a switching module configured to switch an electrical path of the induction coil; and a controller electrically connected to the switching module and configured to detect insertion of the aerosol generating article on the basis of a change in an inductance of the induction coil by setting a control mode for the induction coil to a reception mode, and when the insertion of the aerosol generating article is detected, switch the control mode to a transmission mode for activating the induction heating, via the switching module.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of coils which have different numbers of windings and generate an alternating magnetic field when alternating current is applied; a susceptor for generating an aerosol by heating adjacent aerosol-generating substrates using heat generated through the alternating magnetic fields generated from the plurality of coils; and a controller for controlling a predetermined alternating current to be supplied to each of the plurality of coils, wherein the controller controls a first portion and a second portion of the susceptor to be heated differentially by alternating current supplied to the plurality of coils.

Abstract: A method, performed by an aerosol generating device, of performing a self-diagnosis, includes: when the aerosol generating device does not normally operate by an error, determining whether to activate the self-diagnosis for analyzing the error of the aerosol generating device; when the self-diagnosis is activated, performing a function self-test by checking whether each of functions required for a normal heating operation of the aerosol generating device is operative; determining a faulty component of the aerosol generating device based on a result of the function self-test; determining a faulty function of the faulty component based on an error log recorded in the aerosol generating device; determining a severity of the determined faulty function; and outputting a final diagnosis result with respect to the self-diagnosis based on the faulty component, the faulty function, and the severity.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable record media for managing event messages may be provided. A message management method may include generating, by at least one processor, an event related to a chatroom based on an event message input from the chatroom, assigning, by the at least one processor, a reply to the event message, from among messages in the chatroom, to the event, and displaying, by the at least one processor, the reply to the event message in association with the event.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device according to one embodiment includes: a housing that forms an exterior of the aerosol generating device and includes an opening into which a cigarette is inserted; a heater that generates an aerosol by heating the cigarette; a battery that supplies power to the heater; a temperature sensor that senses a temperature of an internal component of the aerosol generating device; and a controller that prevents abnormal operation of the aerosol generating device based on the temperature of the internal component sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: This application provides methods and compositions related to constructing nucleic acid hydrogels (e.g., RNA hydrogels) having repetitive monomer units, each monomer unit includes one or more G-quadruplex sequences. These G-quadruplex sequences cross-link the nucleic acid concatemer such that it self-assembles into a hydrogel under appropriate conditions. In some embodiments, each monomeric unit of the nucleic acid concatemer comprises a coding sequence for polypeptide of interest; and the nucleic acid hydrogel formed by the nucleic acid concatemer can be used for expressing the polypeptide in high quantities. In some embodiments, at least two RNA concatemers comprising G-quadruplex sequences are produced, one further comprising a spacer and the other further comprising a sequence encoding a polypeptide of interest. These two RNA concatemers are combined and self assembled to form a single, wideband RNA hydrogel.

Abstract: The present application relates to a beverage comprising water, an amino acid, and allulose. In addition, the present application relates to a method for reducing off-taste, off-odor, or acrid taste comprising a step of mixing water, an amino acid, and allulose.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes: a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating article; a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the heater; and a processor configured to: obtain an initial temperature of the heater which is measured by the temperature sensor when a user input for starting an heating operation of the heater is received, compare the initial temperature of the heater with a first temperature; based on the initial temperature being lower than the first temperature, control the heater to perform the heating operation according to a preset temperature profile; and when the temperature of the heater reaches a second temperature higher than the first temperature, control the heater to stop the heating operation for a first delay time.

Abstract: The present technology includes a storage device including a memory device including a first storage region and a second storage region and a memory controller configured to, in response to a write request in the first storage region from an external host, acquire data stored the first region based on a fail prediction information provided from the memory device and to perform a write operation corresponding to the write request, wherein the first storage region and the second storage region are allocated according to logical addresses of data to be stored in by requests of the external host.

Abstract: A system for receiving and propagating efficient search updates includes one or more processors configured to receive, from a first external system via a network, a first entity change request to modify data in an entity associated with the first external system. The first entity change request is saved in an entity store. The received entity change request is pushed from the entity store to an event publisher for forwarding to a streaming service. The first entity change request is classified and forwarded, from the streaming service, to a search index database. The search index is then updated based on the classified entity change request.