Abstract: An encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus in a transform between a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT)-based coder and a different coder are provided. The encoding apparatus may encode additional information to restore an input signal encoded according to the MIDCT-based coding scheme, when switching occurs between the MDCT-based coder and the different coder. Accordingly, an unnecessary bitstream may be prevented from being generated, and minimum additional information may be encoded.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to select and present level-change way points for indoor navigation systems are disclosed. An example method includes: receiving, from a client device having a navigation system interface, a request for navigation directions from a starting point to a destination point; identifying, by one or more processors, a plurality of level-change way points based on a starting level associated with the starting point; determining, by one or more processors, a subset of two or more of the plurality of level-change way points based on a destination level associated with the destination point; selecting, by one or more processors, a selected level-change way point from the subset based upon one or more criteria; and providing, to the client device, directions to present an indication of a location of the selected level-change way point in the navigation system user interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to targeted genome editing in eukaryotic cells or organisms. More particularly, the present disclosure provides for compositions that may induce modifications in target endogenous nucleic acid sequences in nucleuses of eukaryotic cells. The composition may comprise a single-chain guide RNA (sgRNA) and a Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein. In some embodiments, the sgRNA and the Cas9 protein may be present in a molar ratio ranging from 29:14.0 to 29:1.4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding and decoding technique, and more particularly, to an image encoder and decoder using unidirectional prediction. The image encoder includes a dividing unit to divide a macro block into a plurality of sub-blocks, a unidirectional application determining unit to determine whether an identical prediction mode is applied to each of the plurality of sub-blocks, and a prediction mode determining unit to determine a prediction mode with respect to each of the plurality of sub-blocks based on a determined result of the unidirectional application determining unit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing interior parts for a vehicle includes: forming a first plating layer on a surface of an injection molded product through electroless plating; printing a symbol part on the first plating layer; partially removing the first plating layer to a size corresponding to the symbol part from a rear surface of the injection molded product; forming a second plating layer on the first plating layer; and removing the symbol part and the first plating layer from the surface of the injection molded product on which the second plating layer is formed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a source structure comprising a first source layer, a second source layer on the first source layer, and a third source layer on the second source layer, a gate stack structure on the source structure, the gate stack structure with alternating insulating patterns and conductive patterns, and a memory channel structure penetrating the gate stack structure. The memory channel structure includes a channel layer and a memory layer surrounding the channel layer. The channel layer penetrates the memory layer and the second source layer, and a bottom surface of the channel layer is in contact with the source structure.

Abstract: A control device and a substrate processing apparatus including the same are provided. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a support unit including a spin head and configured to support and to rotate a substrate; a spraying unit configured to spray processing liquid onto the substrate; a correction unit in a swing arm, the correction unit configured to move to a target point on the substrate and to irradiate a beam when the processing liquid is sprayed onto the substrate; and a control unit configured to calculate the target point, wherein the control unit is configured to convert image coordinates associated with a first coordinate system and then to calculate the target point by converting the image coordinates associated with the first coordinate system into image coordinates associated with a second coordinate system, and the second coordinate system is based on rotation angles of the spin head and the swing arm.

Abstract: Provided is a method of training a prediction model, the method including obtaining molecular descriptors of molecules based on a molecular database, pre-training a pre-training neural network based on the molecular descriptors, and adjusting the pre-training neural network such that the pre-training neural network matches a target task, by applying a training data set labeled corresponding to the target task to the pre-trained pre-training neural network.

Abstract: Provided are a separator and an electrochemical device using the same, in particular, a separator having significantly low heat shrinkage even at a high temperature and also significantly improved adhesive strength by including inorganic particles having specific fluorescence properties in the separator, and an electrochemical device using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stretchable electrochromic device and a stretchable electrochromic device manufactured thereby, and more specifically, the present invention is characterized in that a stretchable electrochromic device, which is manufactured by stretching color changeable polymer gel, and then coating one surface and/or the other surface thereof with a metal solution, has excellent water resistance and initial transmittance.

Abstract: An embodiment front pillar reinforcement system of a vehicle includes a front pillar inner having a first plurality of walls defining a first cavity, a front pillar outer facing the front pillar inner and having a second plurality of walls defining a second cavity, and a front pillar inner reinforcement received in the first cavity of the front pillar inner and having a third plurality of walls coupled to the first plurality of walls of the front pillar inner, respectively.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device and a storage controller. The storage controller accesses the nonvolatile memory device based on a request of an external host device. The storage controller sends a signal to the external host device, based a throughput of accessing the nonvolatile memory device being within a specific range.

Abstract: A method of generating compensating data for a pixel circuit differences in a display device includes displaying a test image of pixels of the display device; generating a first camera image by photographing the test image; applying a test input signal to each of the pixels and sensing corresponding test outputs, wherein the test input signal is at least one of a test current and a test voltage; generating weights for the pixels based on the test outputs; generating a second camera image by applying the weights to the first camera image; and generating compensation data for the pixels based on the second camera image.

Abstract: A working robot operating system and method are provided. The system includes a plurality of working robots each configured to perform a work process involving deterioration of a working part and a repair process of repairing the deterioration of the working part. The system also includes a control device configured to determine an existing performance schedule in which the repair process of each of the plurality of working robots is performed based on production information of a product and specification information of a working part for each working robot. The control device is also configured to determine an optimal performance schedule of the repair process for each of the plurality of working robots based on the determined existing performance schedule, and to control the plurality of working robots so that the repair process is performed by following the determined optimal performance schedule.

Abstract: A battery cell including a can body of an enclosure comprising a sheet of metal that is folded into an open cylindrical shape and welded. The can body includes a first opening and a second opening at opposite ends of the can body. The can body is configured to receive a battery cell stack. A lid portion of the enclosure is attached to the first opening of the can body. A bottom portion of the enclosure is attached to the second opening of the can body.

Abstract: A video coding method and apparatus select an optimal method from among various chrominance space conversion methods for the current chroma block's original signals, predictors, or residual signals, based on correlations between chroma channel components. The video coding method and the apparatus perform chrominance space conversion of Cb and Cr components using the selected method.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a source structure having a first source layer, a second source layer on the first source layer, and a third source layer on the second source layer. A gate stack structure is on the source structure. The gate stack structure includes dielectric patterns and conductive patterns that are alternately stacked. A memory channel structure penetrates the gate stack structure. The memory channel structure includes a channel layer. A data storage layer surrounds the channel layer. A blocking layer surrounds the data storage layer. The second source layer includes an inner sidewall directly contacting the channel layer. The third source layer includes an inner sidewall directly contacting the data storage layer.

Abstract: A motor driving system and a method of controlling same can protect a user by converting a driving mode into a dual inverter driving mode so that a vehicle can keep being driven when a transfer switching unit breaks down while the motor is operated in a Y-connection single inverter driving mode.

Abstract: A substrate processing method capable of stably loading a substrate regardless of a variation in pressure of a reaction space includes supplying an inert gas; and forming a thin film by sequentially and repeatedly supplying a source gas, supplying a reaction gas, and activating the reaction gas, wherein a center portion of a substrate and a center portion of a susceptor are spaced apart from each other to form a separate space, the reaction space above the substrate and the separate space communicate with each other via one or more channels, an inert gas is introduced to the separate space through the one or more channels during the supplying of the inert gas, and the inert gas prevents pressure imbalance between the separate space and the reaction space during a thin film deposition process.