Abstract: A recombinant microorganism having enhanced ability for reducing nitrogen oxide, a composition comprising the recombinant microorganism for use in decreasing a concentration of nitrogen oxide in a sample, and a method of decreasing a concentration of nitrogen oxide in a sample using the recombinant microorganism or the composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides interfering, conditionally replicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) constructs; infectious particles comprising the constructs; and compositions comprising the constructs or the particles. The constructs, particles, and compositions are useful in methods of reducing HIV viral load in an individual, which methods are also provided.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for generation of monodisperse droplets and initiating a chemical reaction is provided. The microfluidic device includes a first input microchannel having a first dimension and including a first phase located therein. The device also includes a second input microchannel having a second dimension and including a second phase located therein. In accordance with the present disclosure, the second dimension is different from the first dimension and the first phase is immiscible in the second phase. A microchannel junction is also present and is in communication with the first input microchannel and the second input microchannel. The device further includes an output channel in communication with the microchannel junction and set to receive a monodisperse droplet. In the present disclosure, the difference in the first dimension and the second dimension creates an interfacial tension induced force at the microchannel junction which forms the monodisperse droplet.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for generation of monodisperse droplets and initiating a chemical reaction is provided. The microfluidic device includes a first input microchannel having a first dimension and including a first phase located therein. The device also includes a second input microchannel having a second dimension and including a second phase located therein. In accordance with the present disclosure, the second dimension is different from the first dimension and the first phase is immiscible in the second phase. A microchannel junction is also present and is in communication with the first input microchannel and the second input microchannel. The device further includes an output channel in communication with the microchannel junction and set to receive a monodisperse droplet. In the present disclosure, the difference in the first dimension and the second dimension creates an interfacial tension induced force at the microchannel junction which forms the monodisperse droplet.

Abstract: A method for forming one or more nano-sized patterns using one or more molecule species overlying a substrate structure. In a preferred embodiment, the pattern or patterns relate to an array of biological molecules (e.g., DNA, small molecule(s), protein(s), ligand(s)). The method applies a probe tip (e.g., atomic force microscope probe (AFM probe)) within a vicinity of a first spatial region of a surface region of a substrate member, which is characterized by a first characteristic, e.g., hydrophobic, hydrophilic, partially hydrophobic, partially hydrophilic. In a specific embodiment, the probe tip is in a direction (e.g., normal, at an angle toward) toward the spatial region on the surface region. The method includes transferring one of more of a plurality of molecules characterized by a second characteristic through a fluid medium comprising one or more surfactant species (e.g.